Umhwamuko we-Mercury, i-light-emitting diode (LED), ne-excimer kuwubuchwepheshe obuhlukile belambu le-UV. Nakuba zonke zontathu zisetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene ze-photopolymerization kumayinki e-crosslink, ama-coatings, ama-adhesive, nama-extrusions, izindlela ezikhiqiza amandla e-UV akhishwayo, kanye nezici zokukhishwa kwe-spectral okuhambisanayo, zihluke ngokuphelele. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kuyasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwesicelo nasekubunjweni kwayo, ekukhetheni umthombo wokwelapha we-UV, nasekuhlanganiseni.
Izibani zeMercury Vapor
Kokubili amalambu e-electrode arc namalambu e-microwave angenawo ama-electrode awela ngaphansi kwesigaba se-mercury vapor. Amalambu omphunga we-Mercury awuhlobo lwezibani zokucindezela okuphakathi nendawo, ezikhipha igesi lapho inani elincane le-elemental mercury negesi ye-inert lihwamuka libe yi-plasma ngaphakathi kweshubhu lequartz elivaliwe. I-Plasma iyigesi ye-ionized enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngendlela emangalisayo ekwazi ukuqhuba ugesi. Ikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-voltage kagesi phakathi kwama-electrode amabili ngaphakathi kwelambu le-arc noma ngokuhambisa isibani esingena-electrode kancane ngaphakathi kwendawo ebiyelwe noma imbobo efana nomqondo kuhhavini we-microwave wasendlini. Uma isihwamukile, i-mercury plasma ikhipha ukukhanya kwe-spectrum ebanzi kuwo wonke amaza e-ultraviolet, abonakalayo, namaza amaza e-infrared.
Endabeni yesibani se-arc kagesi, i-voltage esetshenzisiwe inika amandla ishubhu le-quartz elivaliwe. La mandla ahwamulisa i-mercury ibe yi-plasma futhi akhiphe ama-electron kuma-athomu ahwamukile. Ingxenye yama-electron (-) igeleza ibheke ku-electrode ephozithivu ye-tungsten yesibani noma i-anode (+) futhi ingene kumjikelezo kagesi wesistimu ye-UV. Ama-athomu anama-electron asanda kulahleka aba ama-cations anamandla (+) ageleza abheke ku-electrode ye-tungsten eshajwe kabi yesibani noma i-cathode (-). Njengoba zihamba, ama-cations ashaya ama-athomu angathathi hlangothi kungxube yegesi. Umthelela udlulisela ama-electron ukusuka kuma-athomu angathathi hlangothi ukuya kumakheshini. Njengoba ama-cation ezuza ama-electron, awela esimweni samandla aphansi. Umehluko wamandla ukhishwa njengama-photon aphumela ngaphandle eshubhu le-quartz. Inqobo nje uma isibani sisebenza ngokufanele, sipholiswe ngendlela efanele, futhi sisebenza ngaphakathi kwempilo yaso ewusizo, ukunikezwa okungaguquki kwama-cations asanda kwakhiwa (+) adonsela ku-electrode engalungile noma i-cathode (-), eshaya ama-athomu engeziwe futhi ekhiqiza ukuphuma okuqhubekayo kokukhanya kwe-UV. Amalambu e-Microwave asebenza ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle kokuthi ama-microwave, abuye aziwe ngokuthi amafrikhwensi omsakazo (RF), ashintsha isekethe kagesi. Njengoba izibani ze-microwave zingenawo ama-electrode e-tungsten futhi zimane ziyishubhu le-quartz elivaliwe eliqukethe i-mercury ne-inert gas, ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi i-electrodeless.
Ukukhishwa kwe-UV kwamalambu e-broadband noma ama-broad-spectrum mercury vapor kuvala amaza e-ultraviolet, abonakalayo, namaza amaza e-infrared, ngesilinganiso esilinganayo esilinganayo. Ingxenye ye-ultraviolet ihlanganisa ingxube ye-UVC (200 kuya ku-280 nm), i-UVB (280 kuya ku-315 nm), i-UVA (315 kuya ku-400 nm), ne-UVV (400 kuya ku-450 nm) yamaza. Amalambu akhipha i-UVC ngamaza angaphansi kuka-240 nm akhiqiza i-ozone futhi adinga ukukhathala noma ukucwengwa.
I-spectral ephumayo yesibani se-mercury vapor ingashintshwa ngokungeza amanani amancane ama-dopants, njengalezi: iron (Fe), i-gallium (Ga), i-lead (Pb), i-tin (Sn), i-bismuth (Bi), noma i-indium (Indium). ). Izinsimbi ezengeziwe zishintsha ukwakheka kwe-plasma futhi, ngenxa yalokho, amandla akhululwa lapho ama-cation ethola ama-electron. Amalambu anezinsimbi ezengeziwe abizwa ngokuthi i-doped, i-additive, ne-metal halide. Ama-ink amaningi akhiwe yi-UV, okokunamathelayo, okunamathelayo, nezinwetshiwe kuklanyelwe ukufanisa ukuphuma kwezibani ezijwayelekile ze-mercury- (Hg) noma ze-iron- (Fe). Amalambu ane-ayoni asusa ingxenye yokuphuma kwe-UV iye kumaza amaza amade, acishe abonakale, okuphumela ekungeneni okungcono ngokwakheka okujiyile, okunemibala eminingi. Ukwakhiwa kwe-UV okuqukethe i-titanium dioxide kuvame ukwelapha kangcono ngamalambu ane-gallium (GA). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amalambu e-gallium ashintsha ingxenye ebalulekile yokukhishwa kwe-UV iye kumaza amaza amade kuno-380 nm. Njengoba izithasiselo ze-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile zingakutholi ukukhanya okungaphezu kuka-380 nm, ukusebenzisa amalambu e-gallium anezakhi ezimhlophe kuvumela amandla e-UV engeziwe ukuthi amunce ama-photoinitiators ngokuphambene nezithasiselo.
Amaphrofayili e-Spectral ahlinzeka abaklami nabasebenzisi bokugcina ngesethulo esibonakalayo sokuthi okukhiphayo okunemisebe komklamo othile wesibani kusatshalaliswa kanjani ku-spectrum kagesi. Ngenkathi i-mercury ehwamukile nezinsimbi ezingeziwe zichaze izici zemisebe, ingxube enembile yezinto namagesi angenayo ngaphakathi kweshubhu le-quartz kanye nokwakhiwa kwesibani kanye nokwakheka kohlelo lokuphulukisa konke kuthonya ukuphuma kwe-UV. Ukukhishwa kwe-spectral kwesibani esingahlanganisiwe esinikwe amandla futhi kukalwa umphakeli wesibani emoyeni ovulekile kuzoba nokukhishwa kwe-spectral okuhlukile kunesibani esifakwe ngaphakathi kwekhanda lesibani esinesibonisi esiklanywe kahle kanye nokupholisa. Amaphrofayili e-Spectral atholakala kalula kubahlinzeki besistimu ye-UV, futhi awusizo ekuthuthukisweni kokwakhiwa nasekukhetheni izibani.
Iphrofayili ye-spectral evamile yenza i-spectral irradiance ku-axis engu-y kanye nobude begagasi ku-axis engu-x. I-spectral irradiance ingaboniswa ngezindlela ezimbalwa ezihlanganisa inani eliphelele (isb. W/cm2/nm) noma izilinganiso ezingahleliwe, ezihlobene, noma ezijwayelekile (ezingaphansi kweyunithi). Amaphrofayili avamise ukubonisa ulwazi njengeshadi lomugqa noma njengeshadi lebha elihlanganisa okukhiphayo libe ngamabhendi angu-10 nm. Igrafu elandelayo ye-mercury arc lamp spectral ibonisa ukukhanya okuhlobene maqondana nobude begagasi bezinhlelo ze-GEW (Umfanekiso 1).
UMFANEKISO 1 »Amashadi okukhipha i-Spectral e-mercury nensimbi.
Isibani igama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kushubhu lequartz elikhipha i-UV eYurophu nase-Asia, kuyilapho abantu baseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika bevame ukusebenzisa ingxube eshintshashintshayo ye-bulb nesibani. Isibani nekhanda lesibani zombili zibhekisela ekuhlanganiseni okugcwele okuhlala ishubhu le-quartz nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zemishini nezikagesi.
Izibani ze-Electrode Arc
Amasistimu amalambu e-Electrode arc ahlanganisa ikhanda lesibani, isiphephetha-moya esipholile noma esibandayo, indawo kagesi, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu (HMI). Ikhanda lesibani lihlanganisa isibani (isibani), isibonisi, isikhwama sensimbi noma indlu, i-shutter assembly, futhi ngezinye izikhathi iwindi le-quartz noma i-wire guard. I-GEW ifaka amashubhu ayo equartz, izibonisi ezikhanyayo, kanye nezindlela zokuvala ngaphakathi kwamasethi amakhasethi angasuswa kalula esikhwameni sekhanda lesibani esingaphandle noma endlini. Ukukhipha ikhasethi le-GEW ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemizuzwana kusetshenziswa isikrufu se-Allen esisodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphuma kwe-UV, usayizi wekhanda lesibani jikelele kanye nokuma, izici zesistimu, nezidingo zemishini ehambisanayo ziyahlukahluka ngokusetshenziswa nemakethe, amasistimu wezibani ze-electrode arc ngokuvamile aklanyelwe isigaba esinikeziwe sezinhlelo zokusebenza noma izinhlobo zemishini ezifanayo.
Amalambu omhwamuko e-Mercury akhipha ukukhanya okungu-360° kushubhu ye-quartz. Izinhlelo zezibani ze-arc zisebenzisa izibonisi ezitholakala emaceleni nangemuva kwesibani ukuze zithwebule futhi zigxilise ukukhanya okwengeziwe ebangeni elishiwo phambi kwekhanda lesibani. Leli banga laziwa ngokuthi i-focus futhi yilapho i-irradiance inkulu khona. Amalambu e-arc ngokuvamile aphuma kububanzi obungu-5 ukuya ku-12 W/cm2 lapho kugxilwe khona. Njengoba cishe u-70% we-UV ephuma ekhanda lelambu ivela kusibonisi, kubalulekile ukugcina izibonisi zihlanzekile futhi uzishintshe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukungahlanzi noma ukushintsha izibonisi kuyisici esivamile ekwelapheni okunganele.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-30, i-GEW ibilokhu ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zayo zokwelapha, ihlela izici ngendlela oyifisayo kanye nokuphumayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza nezimakethe, futhi ithuthukisa iphothifoliyo enkulu yezinsiza zokuhlanganisa. Ngenxa yalokho, iminikelo yezentengiselwano yanamuhla evela ku-GEW ihlanganisa imiklamo yezindlu ezihlangene, izibonisi ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zikwazi ukukhanya kwe-UV kanye nokuncipha kwe-infrared, izinsimbi ze-shutter ezithule, iziketi zewebhu nezikhala, ukuphakelwa kwewebhu ye-clam-shell, ukufakwa kwe-nitrogen, amakhanda acindezelwe kahle, isikrini sokuthinta. isixhumi esibonakalayo sika-opharetha, izinsiza zikagesi zesifunda esiqinile, ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukuqapha kokuphuma kwe-UV, nokuqapha kwesistimu okude.
Uma amalambu e-electrode anengcindezi emaphakathi esebenza, izinga lokushisa le-quartz liphakathi kuka-600 °C no-800 °C, futhi izinga lokushisa langaphakathi le-plasma liyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama-degree centigrade. Umoya ophoqelekile uyindlela eyinhloko yokugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile elisebenza ngesibani kanye nokukhipha amandla athile e-infrared. I-GEW inikeza lo moya kabi; lokhu kusho ukuthi umoya udonswa ku-casing, eduze kwesibonisi nesibani, bese uqeda umhlangano futhi kude nomshini noma indawo yokwelapha. Amanye amasistimu e-GEW afana ne-E4C asebenzisa ukupholisa uketshezi, okuvumela ukuphuma kwe-UV okuthe xaxa futhi kunciphisa usayizi wekhanda lesibani lilonke.
Amalambu e-electrode arc anemijikelezo yokufudumala nepholile. Amalambu ashaywa ngokupholisa okuncane. Lokhu kuvumela i-mercury plasma ukuthi ikhuphukele ezingeni lokushisa elifunekayo, ikhiqize ama-electron amahhala nama-cations, futhi inike amandla ukugeleza kwamanje. Lapho ikhanda lesibani livaliwe, ukupholisa kuyaqhubeka nokugijima imizuzu embalwa ukuze kuphole ngokulinganayo ithubhu ye-quartz. Isibani esifudumele kakhulu ngeke siphinde sishaye futhi kufanele siqhubeke sipholile. Ubude bomjikelezo wokuqalisa nokupholisa phansi, kanye nokuwohloka kwama-electrode ngesikhathi ngasinye sokushaywa kwamandla kagesi yingakho izindlela zokuvala umoya we-pneumatic zihlale zididiyelwe kuma-asembly amalambu e-electrode e-GEW. Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa amalambu e-electrode arc cooled (E2C) kanye ne-liquid-cooled (E4C).
UMFANEKISO 2 »I-Liquid-cooled (E4C) kanye nezibani ze-electrode arc ezipholile emoyeni (E2C).
Izibani ze-UV LED
Ama-semi-conductor ayizinto eziqinile, ezicwebezelayo ezithi ukuphathekayo. Ugesi ugeleza nge-semi-conductor kangcono kune-insulator, kodwa hhayi kanye ne-metallic conductor. Ama-semi-conductor ayenzeka ngokwemvelo kodwa angasebenzi kahle ahlanganisa izakhi ze-silicon, i-germanium, ne-selenium. Ama-semi-conductor akhiwe ngendlela efanele aklanyelwe ukuphuma nokusebenza kahle ayizinto eziyinhlanganisela ezinokungcola okufakwe ngokunembile ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sekristalu. Endabeni yama-LED e-UV, i-aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ama-semi-conductors abalulekile kuma-electronics wesimanje futhi akhiwe ukuze akhe ama-transistors, ama-diode, ama-light-emitting diode, nama-micro-processors. Amadivaysi e-semi-conductor ahlanganiswe kumasekhethi kagesi futhi afakwe ngaphakathi emikhiqizweni efana nomakhalekhukhwini, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amaphilisi, izinto zikagesi, izindiza, izimoto, izilawuli kude, ngisho namathoyizi ezingane. Lezi zingxenye ezincane kodwa ezinamandla zenza imikhiqizo yansuku zonke isebenze kuyilapho futhi zivumela izinto ukuthi ziminyene, zibe mncane, isisindo esilula, futhi zithengeke.
Esimeni esikhethekile sama-LED, izinto eziklanywe kahle futhi ezenziwe nge-semi-conductor zikhipha amabhendi okukhanya amaza amaza amancane uma exhunywe kumthombo wamandla we-DC. Ukukhanya kukhiqizwa kuphela lapho kwamanje kugeleza kusuka ku-anode ephozithivu (+) kuya ku-cathode eyinegethivu (-) ye-LED ngayinye. Njengoba ukuphuma kwe-LED kulawulwa ngokushesha futhi kalula futhi i-quasi-monochromatic, ama-LED afaneleka kahle ukusetshenziswa njengalokhu: izibani zezinkomba; amasignali okuxhumana nge-infrared; ukukhanya okungemuva kwama-TV, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, amaphilisi, namafoni ahlakaniphile; izimpawu zikagesi, amabhodi ezikhangiso, nama-jumbotron; kanye nokwelashwa kwe-UV.
I-LED iyi-positive-negative junction (pn junction). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa ye-LED inenkokhelo enhle futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-anode (+), kanti enye ingxenye ine-negative charge futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-cathode (-). Ngenkathi izinhlangothi zombili zihamba ngokuqhathaniswa, umngcele wokuhlangana lapho izinhlangothi ezimbili zihlangana khona, owaziwa ngokuthi indawo yokuncipha, awukhoni. Lapho itheminali ephozithivu (+) yomthombo wamandla wamanje oqondile (DC) ixhunywe ku-anode (+) ye-LED, futhi itheminali eyinegethivu (-) yomthombo ixhunywe ku-cathode (-), ama-electron ane-negative charge. ku-cathode kanye nezikhala zama-electron ashajwe kahle ku-anode zixoshwa umthombo wamandla futhi ziphushelwe endaweni yokuncipha. Lokhu ukwenzelela phambili, futhi kunomphumela wokunqoba umngcele ongaconductive. Umphumela uba ukuthi ama-electron amahhala esifundeni sohlobo lwe-n awela futhi agcwalise izikhala endaweni yohlobo lwe-p. Njengoba ama-electron egeleza emngceleni, ashintshela esimweni samandla aphansi. Ukwehla okuhambisanayo kwamandla kukhishwa ku-semi-conductor njengama-photon okukhanya.
Izinto zokwakha kanye nama-dopants akha isakhiwo se-crystalline se-LED sinquma ukuphuma kwe-spectral. Namuhla, imithombo yokwelapha ye-LED etholakalayo ethengiswayo inemiphumela ye-ultraviolet egxile ku-365, 385, 395, kanye ne-405 nm, ukubekezelela okujwayelekile kwe-±5 nm, kanye nokusabalalisa okubonakalayo kwe-Gaussian. Lapho i-spectral irradiance inkulu (W/cm2/nm), iphakama isiqongo sejika lensimbi. Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-UVC kuqhubeka phakathi kuka-275 no-285 nm, okukhiphayo, ukuphila, ukwethembeka, kanye nezindleko azikakwazi ukuhweba ukuze zokwelapha izinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Njengoba okuphumayo kwe-UV-LED okwamanje kukhawulelwe kumaza amade e-UVA, isistimu yokwelapha ye-UV-LED ayikhiphi isici sokukhishwa kwe-broadband spectral samalambu omphunga we-mercury we-medium-pressure mercury. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED awakhiphi i-UVC, i-UVB, ukukhanya okubonakala kakhulu, namaza amaza e-infrared akhiqiza ukushisa. Nakuba lokhu kuvumela amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED ukuthi asetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezizwela ukushisa kakhulu, oyinki abakhona, okokunamathela, nezinamatheliso ezakhelwe amalambu e-mercury anengcindezi ephakathi nendawo kumele akhiwe kabusha ukuze kusetshenziswe amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED. Ngenhlanhla, abahlinzeki bamakhemikhali baya ngokuya beklama iminikelo njengekhambi elikabili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwakheka kokwelapha okukabili okuhloselwe ukwelapha ngesibani se-UV-LED kuzophinde kwelaphe ngesibani se-mercury vapor (Umfanekiso 3).
UMFANEKISO 3 »Ishadi lokukhishwa kwe-Spectral le-LED.
Amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED e-GEW akhipha kufika ku-30 W/cm2 efasiteleni elikhiphayo. Ngokungafani namalambu e-electrode arc, amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED awafaki izibonisi eziqondisa imisebe yokukhanya ekugxilweni okugxilile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-UV-LED peak irradiance yenzeka eduze kwefasitela elikhiphayo. Imisebe ye-UV-LED ekhishiwe iyahluka ukusuka komunye nomunye njengoba ibanga phakathi kwekhanda lesibani nendawo yokwelapha likhuphuka. Lokhu kunciphisa ukugxila kokukhanya kanye nobukhulu be-irradiance efinyelela endaweni yokwelapha. Nakuba i-peak irradiance ibalulekile ekuxhumaneni, i-irradiance eyandayo ayihlali inenzuzo futhi ingavimbela ngisho nokuminyana okukhulu kokuxhumanisa. I-Wavelength (nm), i-irradiance (W/cm2) kanye nokuminyana kwamandla (J/cm2) konke kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni, futhi umthelela wako ohlangene ekwelapheni kufanele uqondwe kahle ngesikhathi sokukhetha umthombo we-UV-LED.
Ama-LED ayimithombo yeLambertian. Ngamanye amazwi, i-UV LED ngayinye ikhipha umfaniswano oya phambili ophumayo kuyo yonke ihemisphere engu-360° x 180° egcwele. Ama-LED amaningi e-UV, ngalinye lilandelana njengesikwele esiyimilimitha, ahlelwa ngomugqa owodwa, i-matrix yemigqa namakholomu, noma okunye ukumisa. Lawa ma-subassemblies, aziwa ngokuthi amamojula noma ama-array, akhiwe ngesikhala phakathi kwama-LED aqinisekisa ukuhlangana kuzo zonke izikhala futhi enze lula ukupholisa kwe-diode. Amamojula amaningi noma ama-arrays abe esehlelwa ngamaqoqo amakhulu ukuze akhe osayizi abahlukahlukene bezinhlelo zokuphulukisa ze-UV (Izibalo 4 kanye no-5). Izingxenye ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe isistimu yokwelapha ye-UV-LED ihlanganisa usinki wokushisa, iwindi elikhiphayo, izishayeli zikagesi, izinto zikagesi ze-DC, isistimu yokupholisa uketshezi noma i-chiller, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu (HMI).
UMFANEKISO 4 »Uhlelo lwe-LeoLED lwewebhu.
UMFANEKISO 5 »Uhlelo lwe-LeoLED lokufakwa kwezibani eziningi ngesivinini esikhulu.
Njengoba amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED awawavezi amaza amaza e-infrared. Ngokwemvelo badlulisela amandla ashisayo amancane endaweni yokwelapha kunamalambu omphunga we-mercury, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ama-UV LED kufanele athathwe njengobuchwepheshe bokuphulukisa abandayo. Amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED angakhipha imisebe ephakeme kakhulu, futhi amaza amaza e-ultraviolet ayindlela yamandla. Noma yikuphi okukhiphayo okungamuncwe yikhemistri kuzoshisisa ingxenye engaphansi noma i-substrate kanye nezingxenye zomshini ezizungezile.
Ama-LED e-UV nawo ayizingxenye zikagesi ezinokungasebenzi kahle okuqhutshwa ukwakheka nokukhiqizwa kwe-semi-conductor eluhlaza kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza nezinto ezisetshenziswa ukupakisha ama-LED endaweni enkulu yokuphulukisa. Ngenkathi izinga lokushisa le-mercury vapor quartz tube kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kuka-600 no-800 °C ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinga lokushisa le-pn junction ye-LED kufanele lihlale lingaphansi kuka-120 °C. Kuphela u-35-50% kagesi onika amandla uhlelo lwe-UV-LED oguqulelwa ekukhiqizweni kwe-ultraviolet (kuncike kakhulu kumaza). Okusele kuguqulwa kube ukushisa okushisayo okufanele kususwe ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elifiswayo lokuhlangana futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhanya kwesistimu okucacisiwe, ukuminyana kwamandla, nokufana, kanye nempilo ende. Ama-LED angamadivayisi wesimo esiqinile ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi ukuhlanganisa ama-LED emibuthanweni emikhulu enezinhlelo zokupholisa eziklanywe kahle nezinakekelwa kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukucaciswa kwempilo ende. Akuwona wonke amasistimu okwelapha e-UV afanayo, futhi amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED aklanywe ngendlela engafanele futhi apholiswa anethuba elikhulu lokushisisa ngokweqile futhi ehluleke ngendlela eyinhlekelele.
Arc/LED Hybrid Lamps
Kunoma iyiphi imakethe lapho ubuchwepheshe obusha bethulwa khona njengokuthatha indawo yobuchwepheshe obukhona, kungase kube nokwesaba mayelana nokutholwa kanye nokungabaza ukusebenza. Abasebenzisi okungenzeka bavame ukubambezela ukutholwa kuze kube amafomu ayisisekelo wokufaka asekelwe kahle, kushicilelwe izifundo, ubufakazi obanele buqala ukusabalala ngobuningi, futhi/noma bathole ulwazi lokuqala noma izinkomba ezivela kubantu abathile nezinkampani abazaziyo nabazethembayo. Ubufakazi obuqinile buvame ukudingeka ngaphambi kokuba yonke imakethe ilahle ngokuphelele izinguquko ezindala nezigcwele ezintsha. Akusizi ukuthi izindaba zempumelelo zivame ukuba izimfihlo eziqinile njengoba abantu abaqala ukutholwa bengafuni ukuthi izimbangi bathole izinzuzo ezifanayo. Njengomphumela, zombili izinganekwane zangempela neziyihaba zokuphoxeka kwesinye isikhathi zingaphindaphindeka kuyo yonke imakethe zifihla ukufaneleka kweqiniso kobuchwepheshe obusha futhi kubambezeleke ukutholwa.
Kuwo wonke umlando, futhi njengendlela ephikisana nokwamukelwa ngokunqikaza, imiklamo eyingxubevange iye yamukelwa njengebhuloho lesikhashana phakathi kobuchwepheshe obukhona nobusha. Ama-hybrid avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ukuzethemba futhi bazinqumele ukuthi imikhiqizo emisha noma izindlela kufanele zisetshenziswe kanjani futhi nini, ngaphandle kokudela amakhono amanje. Endabeni yokwelapha kwe-UV, isistimu eyi-hybrid ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshane ngokushesha futhi kalula phakathi kwamalambu omphunga we-mercury nobuchwepheshe be-LED. Olayini abaneziteshi eziningi zokupholisa, ama-hybrids avumela ukunyathelisa ukuthi kusebenze u-100% we-LED, u-100% we-mercury vapor, noma iyiphi ingxube yalezi zindlela ezimbili zobuchwepheshe edingekayo emsebenzini othile.
I-GEW inikezela ngezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ze-arc/LED zeziguquli zewebhu. Isixazululo sasungulelwa imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke ye-GEW, ilebula yewebhu encane, kodwa idizayini eyingxube iphinde isetshenziswe kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu nezingezona ezewebhu (Umfanekiso 6). I-arc/LED ihlanganisa indlu yesibani evamile ekwazi ukumumatha umhwamuko wemercury noma ikhasethi le-LED. Womabili amakhasethi asebenzisa isistimu yamandla nokulawula yonke indawo. Ubuhlakani phakathi kwesistimu buvumela ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zekhasethi futhi bunikeze ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla afanele, ukupholisa, nesixhumi esibonakalayo somsebenzisi. Ukukhipha noma ukufaka enye ye-GEW's mercury vapor noma amakhasethi e-LED ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemizuzwana kusetshenziswa isikrufu sika-Allen esisodwa.
UMFANEKISO 6 »Isistimu ye-Arc/LED yewebhu.
Amalambu e-Excimer
Amalambu e-Excimer awuhlobo lwesibani esikhipha igesi esikhipha amandla e-ultraviolet e-quasi-monochromatic. Ngenkathi amalambu e-excimer etholakala ngamaza amaningi, ukuphuma okujwayelekile kwe-ultraviolet kugxile ku-172, 222, 308, kanye no-351 nm. Amalambu e-excimer angu-172-nm awela ngaphakathi kwebhendi ye-UV yevacuum (100 kuya ku-200 nm), kuyilapho i-222 nm i-UVC kuphela (200 kuya ku-280 nm). Amalambu e-excimer angu-308-nm akhipha i-UVB (280 kuya ku-315 nm), futhi i-351 nm iyi-UVA eqinile (315 kuya ku-400 nm).
Amaza e-UV e-vacuum angu-172-nm mafushane futhi aqukethe amandla amaningi kune-UVC; nokho, balwela ukungena bejule kakhulu ezintweni. Eqinisweni, amaza angama-172-nm amunca ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-10 kuya ku-200 nm ephezulu yekhemistry eyenziwe yi-UV. Ngenxa yalokho, amalambu e-excimer angu-172-nm azonqamula indawo engaphandle kakhulu yokwakheka kwe-UV futhi kufanele ahlanganiswe ahlanganiswe namanye amadivaysi okwelapha. Njengoba amaza amaza e-vacuum e-UV nawo amuncwa umoya, amalambu e-excimer angu-172-nm kufanele asetshenziswe endaweni ene-nitrogen.
Amalambu amaningi e-excimer aqukethe ishubhu le-quartz elisebenza njengesithiyo se-dielectric. Ishubhu ligcwele amagesi angavamile akwazi ukwenza ama-excimer noma ama-exciplex molecule (Umfanekiso 7). Amagesi ahlukene akhiqiza ama-molecule ahlukene, futhi ama-molecule ahlukene ajabule anquma ukuthi yimaphi amaza obude akhishwa isibani. I-electrode enamandla kakhulu ihamba ngobude bangaphakathi beshubhu le-quartz, futhi ama-electrode aphansi agijima ngobude bangaphandle. Ama-voltages afakwa esibani ngamaza aphezulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-electron ageleze ngaphakathi kwe-electrode yangaphakathi futhi aphume kuyo yonke ingxube yegesi aye kuma-electrode angaphandle angaphansi. Le nto yesayensi yaziwa ngokuthi i-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Njengoba ama-electron ehamba ngegesi, asebenzisana nama-athomu futhi adale izinhlobo ezinamandla noma ezi-ionized ezikhiqiza ama-excimer noma ama-exciplex molecule. Ama-excimer nama-exciplex molecules anempilo emfushane ngendlela emangalisayo, futhi njengoba ebola esuka endaweni ejabulile ukuya endaweni ephansi, ama-photons of quasi-monochromatic distribution ayakhishwa.
UMFANEKISO 7 »Isibani se-Excimer
Ngokungafani nezibani ze-mercury vapor, ingaphezulu leshubhu lequartz lesibani se-excimer alishisi. Ngenxa yalokho, amalambu amaningi e-excimer asebenza ngokupholisa kancane-kuya-kungabi nalutho. Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka izinga eliphansi lokupholisa elinikezwa igesi ye-nitrogen. Ngenxa yokuqina kokushisa kwesibani, amalambu e-excimer 'AYAVULA/AVAMILE' futhi awadingi imijikelezo yokufudumala noma yokupholisa phansi.
Lapho amalambu e-excimer akhazimula ku-172 nm ehlanganiswa nawo womabili amasistimu wokuphulukisa we-UVA-LED we-quasi-monochromatic kanye namalambu omphunga we-broadband mercury, kukhiqizwa imiphumela ye-matting surface. Izibani ze-UVA ze-LED ziqala ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-chemistry. Amalambu e-Quasi-monochromatic excimer abe esesetshenziselwa ukwenza i-polymerize indawo engaphezulu, futhi ekugcineni amalambu e-broadband mercury axhumanisa yonke ikhemistri. Imiphumela eyingqayizivele ye-spectral yobuchwepheshe obuthathu obusetshenziswa ezigabeni ezihlukene iletha imiphumela enenzuzo yokubona nesebenzayo yokwelapha ebusweni engenakufezwa nganoma yimuphi umthombo we-UV ngokwayo.
Ubude begagasi be-Excimer obungu-172 no-222 nm buyasebenza futhi ekubhubhiseni izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi namagciwane ayingozi, okwenza amalambu e-excimer asebenze ekuhlanzeni indawo, ukubulala amagciwane, kanye nokwelashwa kwamandla angaphezulu.
Ukuphila Kwesibani
Mayelana nempilo yesibani noma ama-bulb, amalambu e-GEW arc ngokuvamile afinyelela emahoreni ayi-2,000. Ukuphila kwesibani akuyona into ephelele, njengoba ukuphuma kwe-UV kuncipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuthintwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Idizayini nekhwalithi yesibani, kanye nesimo sokusebenza sohlelo lwe-UV kanye nokusebenza kabusha kodaba lokubunjwa. Amasistimu e-UV aklanywe kahle aqinisekisa ukuthi amandla alungile kanye nokupholisa okudingwa umklamo othile wesibani (isibani) kunikezwa.
Amalambu ahlinzekwa nge-GEW (ama-bulb) ahlala ehlinzeka impilo ende uma esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokwelapha ze-GEW. Imithombo yokunikezela yesibili ngokuvamile ihlehlise isibani kusukela kusampula, futhi amakhophi angase angaqukathi isiphetho esifanayo, ububanzi be-quartz, okuqukethwe kwe-mercury, noma ingxube yegesi, konke okungathinta ukuphuma kwe-UV kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa. Uma ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kungalingani ngokumelene nokupholisa kwesistimu, isibani sihlupheka kukho kokubili okukhiphayo nempilo. Amalambu asebenza ngokupholile akhipha i-UV encane. Amalambu ashisa kakhulu awahlali isikhathi eside futhi ayajika emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Ukuphila kwezibani ze-electrode arc kunqunyelwe izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwesibani, inani lamahora okusebenza, kanye nenani lokuqala noma lokushaywa. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho isibani sishaywa nge-arc enamandla kagesi ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, i-electrode ye-tungsten iyaguga. Ekugcineni, isibani ngeke siphinde sishaye. Amalambu e-electrode arc ahlanganisa izindlela zokuvala okuthi, lapho zibandakanyeka, zivimbe ukuphuma kwe-UV njengenye indlela yokuphindaphinda amandla esibani ngamabhayisikili. Oyinki abasebenzayo, okokunamathela, nezinamatheliso kungase kuphumele ekuphileni kwesibani eside; kanti, ukwakheka okungasasebenzi kangako kungase kudinge izinguquko zesibani ezivamile.
Amasistimu e-UV-LED ahlala isikhathi eside ngokwemvelo kunezibani ezivamile, kodwa impilo ye-UV-LED nayo ayiyona into ephelele. Njengamalambu avamile, ama-UV LED anemikhawulo yokuthi angashayelwa kanzima kangakanani futhi ngokuvamile kufanele asebenze nezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-120 °C. Ama-LED ashayela kakhulu kanye nama-LED angapholisi kahle azofaka ukuphila engozini, okuholela ekonakaleni okushesha kakhulu noma ukwehluleka okuyinhlekelele. Akubona bonke abahlinzeki besistimu ye-UV-LED okwamanje abanikeza imiklamo ehlangabezana nezikhathi zokuphila ezimisiwe ezidlula amahora angu-20,000. Amasistimu aklanywe kangcono futhi anakekelwe azohlala ngaphezu kwamahora angu-20,000, futhi amasistimu aphansi azohluleka phakathi kwamafasitela amafushane kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiklamo yesistimu ye-LED iyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye komklamo.
I-Ozon
Lapho amaza amaza e-UVC amafushane ethinta ama-molecule omoya-mpilo (O2), abangela ama-molecule e-oksijini (O2) ukuthi ahlukane abe ama-athomu amabili omoya-mpilo (O). Ama-athomu omoya-mpilo wamahhala (O) abe eseshayisana namanye ama-athomu omoya-mpilo (O2) bese enza i-ozone (O3). Njengoba i-trioxygen (O3) izinzile kancane ezingeni eliphansi kune-dioxygen (O2), i-ozone ibuyela kalula ku-molecule yomoya-mpilo (O2) kanye ne-athomu lomoya-mpilo (O) njengoba ihamba emoyeni womoya. Ama-athomu omoya-mpilo wamahhala (O) abe esehlangana kabusha namanye ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya ukuze akhiqize ama-molecule e-oxygen (O2).
Ezimbonini zokusebenza zokuphulukisa i-UV, i-ozone (O3) ikhiqizwa lapho umoya-mpilo wasemkhathini uhlangana namaza e-ultraviolet angaphansi kuka-240 nm. Imithombo ye-Broadband mercury ephulukisa umhwamuko ikhipha i-UVC phakathi kuka-200 no-280 nm, edlula ingxenye yesifunda esikhiqiza i-ozone, futhi amalambu e-excimer akhipha i-vacuum UV ku-172 nm noma i-UVC ku-222 nm. I-ozone edalwe umhwamuko we-mercury namalambu e-excimer elaphayo ayizinzile futhi ayiyona into ekhathazayo engokwemvelo, kodwa iyadingeka ukuthi isuswe endaweni eseduze ezungeze izisebenzi njengoba iyinto ecasula ukuphefumula futhi inobuthi emazingeni aphezulu. Njengoba amasistimu okwelapha e-UV-LED ezentengiselwano ekhipha ukuphuma kwe-UVA phakathi kuka-365 no-405 nm, i-ozone ayikhiqizwa.
I-ozone inephunga elifana nephunga lensimbi, ucingo oluvuthayo, i-chlorine, nenhlansi kagesi. Izinzwa zabantu zokuhogela zingathola i-ozone iphansi njengezingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya kwezingu-0.03 ngesigidi (ppm). Nakuba ihluka ngokomuntu kanye nezinga lomsebenzi, ukugxila okukhulu kuno-0.4 ppm kungaholela emiphumeleni yokuphefumula emibi kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Ukungena komoya ngendlela efanele kufanele kufakwe emigqeni yokuphulukisa i-UV ukuze kukhawulwe ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi ku-ozone.
Amasistimu okwelapha ama-UV ngokuvamile aklanyelwe ukuqukatha umoya okhishwayo njengoba eshiya amakhanda alambu ukuze adonswe kude nabasebenzisi nangaphandle kwesakhiwo lapho ebola khona ngokwemvelo lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amalambu angenayo i-ozone ahlanganisa isengezo se-quartz esivimba ubude beza beza obukhiqiza i-ozone, kanye nezinsiza ezifuna ukugwema ukudonsa noma ukusika izimbobo ophahleni ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izihlungi ekuphumeni kwabalandeli bakagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-19-2024
