Umhwamuko we-Mercury, i-light-emitting diode (i-LED), kanye ne-excimer ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile bezibani ezikhanyisa i-UV. Nakuba zonke ezintathu zisetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezahlukene ze-photopolymerization ukuze zihlanganise uyinki, izimbozo, izinamathiseli, kanye ne-extrusions, izindlela ezikhiqiza amandla e-UV akhishwa imisebe, kanye nezici zomkhiqizo ohambisanayo we-spectral, zihluke ngokuphelele. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kokusetshenziswa kanye nokwakheka, ukukhethwa komthombo okhanyisa i-UV, kanye nokuhlanganiswa.
Izibani Zomusi We-Mercury
Zombili izibani ze-electrode arc kanye nezibani ze-microwave ezingena-electrode zingena ngaphansi kwesigaba somusi we-mercury. Izibani ze-mercury vapor ziwuhlobo lwezibani ezikhipha igesi ezinomfutho ophakathi nendawo lapho inani elincane le-mercury elemental kanye negesi engasebenzi kufakwa khona umhwamuko ku-plasma ngaphakathi kwepayipi le-quartz elivaliwe. I-plasma iyigesi ene-ion eshisa kakhulu ekwazi ukuqhuba ugesi. Ikhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa i-voltage kagesi phakathi kwama-electrode amabili ngaphakathi kwesibani se-arc noma ngokufaka isibani esingena-electrode ngaphakathi kwe-enclosure noma i-cavity efana nomshini we-microwave wasekhaya. Uma isiphekiwe, i-plasma ye-mercury ikhipha ukukhanya okubanzi kumaza e-ultraviolet, abonakalayo, kanye ne-infrared.
Uma kwenzeka isibani sikagesi se-arc, i-voltage esetshenziswayo inika amandla ishubhu le-quartz elivaliwe. Lawa mandla agcwalisa i-mercury ibe yi-plasma futhi akhiphe ama-electron avela kuma-athomu aphefumulayo. Ingxenye yama-electron (-) igeleza iye ku-electrode noma i-anode (+) yelambu kanye nesekethe kagesi yesistimu ye-UV. Ama-athomu anama-electron asanda kulahleka aba ama-cation anamandla (+) ageleza aye ku-electrode noma i-cathode yelambu eshajeke kabi (-). Njengoba ehamba, ama-cation ashaya ama-athomu angathathi hlangothi engxubeni yegesi. Umthelela udlulisela ama-electron kusuka kuma-athomu angathathi hlangothi aye kuma-cation. Njengoba ama-cation ethola ama-electron, ehla abe sesimweni samandla aphansi. Umehluko wamandla ukhishwa njengama-photon aphuma ngaphandle kweshubhu le-quartz. Uma nje isibani sisebenza kahle, sipholisiwe kahle, futhi sisebenza ngaphakathi kwempilo yaso ewusizo, ukunikezwa okuqhubekayo kwama-cations asanda kudalwa (+) kuya ku-electrode noma i-cathode engalungile (-), kushaya ama-athomu amaningi futhi kukhiqize ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kokukhanya kwe-UV. Izibani ze-microwave zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle kokuthi ama-microwave, aziwa nangokuthi i-radio frequency (RF), athatha indawo yesekethe kagesi. Njengoba izibani ze-microwave zingenawo ama-electrode e-tungsten futhi zimane ziyishubhu le-quartz elivaliwe eliqukethe i-mercury negesi engasebenzi, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi azinawo ama-electrode.
Ukukhishwa kwe-UV kwezibani zomhwamuko ze-broadband noma ze-spectrum ebanzi ze-mercury kuhlanganisa ubude be-ultraviolet, obubonakalayo, kanye nobe-infrared, cishe ngokulinganayo. Ingxenye ye-ultraviolet ihlanganisa ingxube ye-UVC (200 kuya ku-280 nm), i-UVB (280 kuya ku-315 nm), i-UVA (315 kuya ku-400 nm), kanye ne-UVV (400 kuya ku-450 nm). Izibani ezikhipha i-UVC kuma-wavelength angaphansi kuka-240 nm zikhiqiza i-ozone futhi zidinga ukukhishwa noma ukuhluzwa.
Umphumela we-spectral wesibani somusi we-mercury ungashintshwa ngokungeza inani elincane lama-dopants, njenge: iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), noma i-indium (In). Izinsimbi ezengeziwe zishintsha ukwakheka kwe-plasma, futhi ngenxa yalokho, amandla akhishwa lapho ama-cation ethola ama-electron. Izibani ezinezinsimbi ezengeziwe zibizwa ngokuthi i-doped, additive, kanye ne-metal halide. Iningi lama-inki, ama-coating, ama-adhesive, kanye nama-extrusion akhiwe nge-UV aklanyelwe ukufanisa umphumela wezibani ezijwayelekile ze-mercury- (Hg) noma ze-iron- (Fe). Izibani ezine-iron-doped zishintsha ingxenye yomphumela we-UV ibe ama-wavelength amade, abonakala eduze, okuholela ekungeneni okungcono ngokusebenzisa ama-formulations amakhulu, anombala omningi. Ama-formulations e-UV aqukethe i-titanium dioxide avame ukwelapha kangcono ngezibani ezine-gallium (GA). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izibani ze-gallium zishintsha ingxenye ebalulekile yomphumela we-UV ziye kuma-wavelength amade kunama-380 nm. Njengoba izithasiselo ze-titanium dioxide ngokuvamile zingamunci ukukhanya okungaphezu kuka-380 nm, ukusebenzisa izibani ze-gallium ezinezinhlanganisela ezimhlophe kuvumela amandla e-UV engeziwe ukuthi amuncwe yi-photoinitiators ngokungafani nezithasiselo.
Amaphrofayili e-Spectral anikeza ama-formulator nabasebenzisi bokugcina isithombe esibonakalayo sokuthi umkhiqizo okhishwayo womklamo wesibani othize usatshalaliswa kanjani ku-spectrum ye-electromagnetic. Ngenkathi i-mercury ephefumulayo kanye nezinsimbi ezengeziwe zinezimpawu ezichaziwe zomsebe, ingxube enembile yezinto kanye namagesi angenayo ngaphakathi kweshubhu le-quartz kanye nokwakhiwa kwesibani kanye nomklamo wesistimu yokwelapha konke kuthinta umkhiqizo we-UV. Umkhiqizo we-spectral wesibani esingahlanganisiwe esisebenza futhi esilinganiswe ngumhlinzeki wesibani emoyeni ovulekile uzoba nomkhiqizo we-spectral ohlukile kunesibani esifakwe ngaphakathi kwekhanda lesibani esinesibonisi esiklanywe kahle kanye nokupholisa. Amaphrofayili e-Spectral atholakala kalula kubaphakeli besistimu ye-UV, futhi awusizo ekuthuthukisweni kokwakheka nasekukhetheni izibani.
Iphrofayili evamile ye-spectral iveza ukukhanya kwe-spectral ku-y-axis kanye nobude be-wavelength ku-x-axis. Ukukhanya kwe-spectral kungaboniswa ngezindlela eziningana kufaka phakathi inani eliphelele (isb. W/cm2/nm) noma izilinganiso ezingahleliwe, ezihlobene, noma ezijwayelekile (ezingenayunithi). Amaphrofayili avame ukubonisa ulwazi njengeshadi lomugqa noma njengeshadi lebha elihlanganisa ama-output abe ama-band angu-10 nm. Igrafu elandelayo ye-spectral ye-mercury arc lamp ikhombisa ukukhanya okuhlobene maqondana nobude be-wavelength bezinhlelo ze-GEW (Isithombe 1).
UMFANEKISO 1 »Amashadi okukhipha ama-Spectral e-mercury ne-iron.
Isibani yigama elisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kushubhu le-quartz elikhipha i-UV eYurophu nase-Asia, kuyilapho abantu baseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika bevame ukusebenzisa ingxube eshintshashintshayo yebhalbhu nesibani. Isibani nekhanda lesibani kokubili kubhekisela ekuhlanganisweni okugcwele okuhlala kushubhu le-quartz nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zemishini nezikagesi.
Izibani ze-Electrode Arc
Izinhlelo zezibani ze-electrode arc ziqukethe ikhanda lesibani, ifeni yokupholisa noma i-chiller, ugesi, kanye nesixhumi esibonakalayo somshini womuntu (i-HMI). Ikhanda lesibani lihlanganisa isibani (ibhalubhu), isibonisi, ikhava yensimbi noma i-housing, i-shutter assembly, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ifasitela le-quartz noma i-wire guard. I-GEW ifaka amashubhu ayo e-quartz, izibonisi, kanye nezindlela ze-shutter ngaphakathi kwe-cassette assembly ezingasuswa kalula ku-casing noma i-housing yangaphandle yekhanda lesibani. Ukususa ikhasethi ye-GEW kuvame ukwenziwa ngemizuzwana kusetshenziswa i-Allen wrench eyodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphuma kwe-UV, usayizi wekhanda lesibani kanye nesimo, izici zesistimu, kanye nezidingo zemishini ezihambisanayo ziyahlukahluka ngokusetshenziswa kanye nemakethe, izinhlelo zezibani ze-electrode arc ngokuvamile zenzelwe isigaba esithile sezinhlelo zokusebenza noma izinhlobo zomshini ezifanayo.
Izibani zomusi we-mercury zikhipha ukukhanya okungu-360° kusuka kushubhu le-quartz. Izinhlelo zezibani ze-arc zisebenzisa izibonisi ezitholakala ezinhlangothini nangemuva kwesibani ukuze zibambe futhi zigxilise ukukhanya okwengeziwe ebangeni elithile phambi kwekhanda lesibani. Leli banga laziwa ngokuthi yi-focus futhi yilapho ukukhanya kukhulu khona. Izibani ze-arc zivame ukukhipha ububanzi obungu-5 kuya ku-12 W/cm2 endaweni egxile kuyo. Njengoba cishe u-70% wokukhishwa kwe-UV okuvela ekhanda lesibani kuvela ku-reflector, kubalulekile ukugcina izibonisi zihlanzekile futhi uzishintshe njalo. Ukungazihlanzi noma ukushintsha izibonisi kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha okunganele.
Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30, i-GEW ibilokhu ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zayo zokupholisa, yenza ngezifiso izici kanye nomkhiqizo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile kanye nezimakethe, futhi ithuthukisa iphothifoliyo enkulu yezesekeli zokuhlanganisa. Ngenxa yalokho, iminikelo yanamuhla yezentengiselwano evela ku-GEW ifaka phakathi imiklamo yezindlu ezincane, izibonisi ezilungiselelwe ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwe-UV kanye ne-infrared encishisiwe, izindlela zokuvala ezihlanganisiwe ezithule, iziketi zewebhu kanye nezikhala, ukudla kwewebhu kwe-clam-shell, ukungena kwe-nitrogen, amakhanda acindezelwe kahle, isikhombimsebenzisi somsebenzisi wesikrini sokuthinta, izinsiza zamandla eziqinile, ukusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukuqapha kokukhishwa kwe-UV, kanye nokuqapha uhlelo olukude.
Uma izibani ze-electrode ezinomfutho ophakathi zisebenza, izinga lokushisa lobuso be-quartz liphakathi kuka-600 °C no-800 °C, kanti izinga lokushisa langaphakathi le-plasma liyizinkulungwane eziningana zama-degrees centigrade. Umoya ophoqelelwe uyindlela eyinhloko yokugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele lokusebenza kwezibani nokususa amanye amandla e-infrared akhishwa imisebe. I-GEW inikeza lo moya kabi; lokhu kusho ukuthi umoya udonswa nge-casing, eduze kwesibonisi nesibani, bese ukhipha i-assembly futhi usuke kude nomshini noma endaweni yokulungisa. Ezinye izinhlelo ze-GEW ezifana ne-E4C zisebenzisa ukupholisa okuketshezi, okuvumela ukuphuma kwe-UV okukhulu kancane futhi kunciphisa usayizi wekhanda lesibani iyonke.
Izibani ze-electrode arc zinemijikelezo yokufudumeza kanye neyokupholisa. Izibani zishaywa ngokupholisa okuncane. Lokhu kuvumela i-mercury plasma ukuthi ikhuphukele ezingeni lokushisa lokusebenza elifunekayo, ikhiqize ama-electron nama-cation amahhala, futhi ivumele ukugeleza kwamanje. Lapho ikhanda lesibani licishiwe, ukupholisa kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza imizuzu embalwa ukuze kuphole ngokulinganayo ithubhu le-quartz. Isibani esifudumele kakhulu ngeke siphinde sishaye futhi kumele siqhubeke sipholile. Ubude bomjikelezo wokuqala kanye nokupholisa, kanye nokuwohloka kwama-electrode ngesikhathi sokushaya kwe-voltage ngayinye yingakho izindlela ze-pneumatic shutter zihlala zihlanganiswa emihlanganweni yezibani ze-electrode arc ze-GEW electrode. Isithombe 2 sibonisa izibani ze-electrode arc ezipholile emoyeni (E2C) kanye nezipholile ngoketshezi (E4C).
UMFANEKISO 2 »Izibani ze-electrode arc ezipholiswe ngoketshezi (E4C) kanye nezibani ze-arc ezipholiswe ngomoya (E2C).
Izibani ze-UV LED
Ama-semi-conductor ayizinto eziqinile, ezikristalu ezikwazi ukudlulisa ugesi kancane. Ugesi ugeleza nge-semi-conductor kangcono kune-insulator, kodwa hhayi kahle njenge-metallic conductor. Ama-semi-conductor atholakala ngokwemvelo kodwa angasebenzi kahle afaka izakhi ze-silicon, i-germanium, ne-selenium. Ama-semi-conductor enziwe ngokwenziwa aklanyelwe ukukhipha nokusebenza kahle ayizinto ezihlanganisiwe ezinokungcola okufakwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sekristalu. Endabeni yama-LED e-UV, i-aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu.
Ama-semi-conductor ayisisekelo kuma-elekthronikhi anamuhla futhi aklanywe ukwakha ama-transistors, ama-diode, ama-diode akhipha ukukhanya, kanye nama-micro-processor. Amadivayisi e-semi-conductor ahlanganiswe kumasekethe kagesi futhi afakwe ngaphakathi kwemikhiqizo efana namafoni eselula, ama-laptop, amathebhulethi, izinto zikagesi, izindiza, izimoto, izilawuli ezikude, ngisho namathoyizi ezingane. Lezi zingxenye ezincane kodwa ezinamandla zenza imikhiqizo yansuku zonke isebenze ngenkathi futhi ivumela izinto ukuba zibe zincane, zibe zincane, zibe nesisindo esincane, futhi zithengeke kalula.
Esimweni esikhethekile sama-LED, izinto eziklanywe kahle futhi ezenziwe nge-semi-conductor zikhipha ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu uma zixhunywe emthonjeni wamandla we-DC. Ukukhanya kukhiqizwa kuphela lapho ugesi ugeleza usuka ku-anode enhle (+) uye ku-cathode engemihle (-) ye-LED ngayinye. Njengoba ukuphuma kwe-LED kulawulwa ngokushesha nangokulula futhi kulawulwa ngendlela efanayo, ama-LED afaneleka kahle ukusetshenziswa njengezibani ezilandelayo: izibani zezinkomba; izimpawu zokuxhumana ze-infrared; ukukhanyisa emuva kwama-TV, ama-laptop, amaphilisi, kanye namafoni ahlakaniphile; izimpawu ze-elekthronikhi, amabhodi okukhangisa, nama-jumbotron; kanye nokukhanya kwe-UV.
I-LED iyi-positive-negative junction (i-pn junction). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa ye-LED ine-positive charge futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-anode (+), kanti enye ingxenye ine-negative charge futhi ibizwa ngokuthi i-cathode (-). Ngenkathi zombili izinhlangothi zi-conductive, umngcele we-junction lapho izinhlangothi ezimbili zihlangana khona, owaziwa ngokuthi indawo yokuncishiswa, awu-conductive. Lapho i-terminal (+) ye-direct current (DC) power source ixhunywe ku-anode (+) ye-LED, kanye ne-negative (-) terminal yomthombo ixhunywe ku-cathode (-), ama-electron ashajeke kabi ku-cathode kanye nezikhala zama-electron ashajeke kahle ku-anode ziyaxoshwa ngumthombo wamandla futhi zisunduzelwe endaweni yokuncishiswa. Lokhu kuyi-forward bias, futhi inomphumela wokunqoba umngcele ongewona oqhumisayo. Umphumela uba ukuthi ama-electron amahhala esifundeni se-n-type awela futhi agcwalise izikhala esifundeni se-p-type. Njengoba ama-electron egeleza ngaphesheya komngcele, ashintshela esimweni samandla aphansi. Ukwehla kwamandla okukhishwa kukhishwa ku-semi-conductor njengama-photon okukhanya.
Izinto nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezakha isakhiwo se-LED esicwebezelayo zinquma umkhiqizo we-spectral. Namuhla, imithombo yokwelapha ye-LED etholakala kwezentengiselwano inemiphumela ye-ultraviolet ephakathi ku-365, 385, 395, kanye no-405 nm, ukubekezelela okuvamile kwe-±5 nm, kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-spectral ye-Gaussian. Uma ukukhanya kwe-spectral okuphezulu (W/cm2/nm) kukhulu, kulapho ukuphakama kwe-bell curve kuphakama khona. Ngenkathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-UVC kuqhubeka phakathi kuka-275 no-285 nm, umkhiqizo, impilo, ukuthembeka, kanye nezindleko akukatholakali kwezentengiselwano ezinhlelweni zokwelapha kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Njengoba umkhiqizo we-UV-LED okwamanje ukhawulelwe kuma-wavelength amade e-UVA, uhlelo lokwelapha lwe-UV-LED alukhiphi umkhiqizo we-broadband spectral ophawuleka ngezibani zomusi we-mercury ezicindezelwe phakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlelo zokwelapha ze-UV-LED azikhiphi ama-wavelength e-infrared akhiqiza ukushisa e-UVC, UVB, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kakhulu, kanye nama-wavelength e-infrared akhiqiza ukushisa. Nakuba lokhu kwenza izinhlelo zokwelapha ze-UV-LED zisetshenziswe ezinhlelweni ezizwela ukushisa kakhulu, uyinki okhona, izembozo, kanye nezinamathiselo ezenzelwe izibani ze-mercury ezicindezelwe phakathi kumele zilungiswe kabusha ngezinhlelo zokwelapha ze-UV-LED. Ngenhlanhla, abahlinzeki bamakhemikhali bakha ngokwengeziwe izinsizakalo zokwelapha ezimbili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ifomula yokwelapha kabili ehloselwe ukwelapha ngesibani se-UV-LED izophilisa nangesibani somusi we-mercury (Isithombe 3).
UMFANEKISO 3 »Ishadi lokukhipha le-Spectral le-LED.
Izinhlelo zokupholisa ze-GEW ze-UV-LED zikhipha ama-W/cm2 afinyelela ku-30 efasiteleni elikhipha ukukhanya. Ngokungafani nezibani ze-electrode arc, izinhlelo zokupholisa ze-UV-LED azifaki izibonisi eziqondisa imisebe yokukhanya endaweni egxile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-UV-LED kwenzeka eduze kwefasitela elikhipha ukukhanya. Imisebe ye-UV-LED ekhishwayo iyahlukana njengoba ibanga eliphakathi kwekhanda lesibani kanye nobuso bokuphulukisa likhula. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuhlushwa kokukhanya kanye nobukhulu bokukhanya okufinyelela endaweni yokuphulukisa. Nakuba ukukhanya okuphezulu kubalulekile ekuhlanganiseni, ukukhanya okuphezulu akuhlali kuzuzisa futhi kungavimbela ngisho nobuningi obukhulu bokuxhumanisa ukukhanya. Ubude be-Wavelength (nm), ukukhanya (W/cm2) kanye nobuningi bamandla (J/cm2) konke kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulungiseni ukukhanya, futhi umthelela wazo ohlangene ekulungiseni ukukhanya kufanele uqondwe kahle ngesikhathi sokukhetha umthombo we-UV-LED.
Ama-LED ayimithombo yeLambertian. Ngamanye amazwi, i-UV LED ngayinye ikhipha umkhiqizo ohambelanayo phambili kuyo yonke indawo egcwele engu-360° x 180°. Ama-UV LED amaningi, ngalinye elilingana nesikwele semilimitha, ahlelwe emgqeni owodwa, i-matrix yemigqa namakholomu, noma okunye ukucushwa. Lawa ma-subassemblies, aziwa ngokuthi amamojula noma ama-array, aklanywe ngesikhala phakathi kwama-LED aqinisekisa ukuhlangana phakathi kwezikhala futhi asize ukupholisa i-diode. Amamojula amaningi noma ama-array abe esehlelwa ngama-assembly amakhulu ukuze akhe osayizi abahlukahlukene bezinhlelo zokupholisa i-UV (Izithombe 4 no-5). Izingxenye ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ukwakha uhlelo lokupholisa i-UV-LED zifaka phakathi isinki yokushisa, ifasitela lokukhipha, abashayeli be-elekthronikhi, izinsiza zikagesi ze-DC, uhlelo lokupholisa uketshezi noma i-chiller, kanye ne-interface yomshini womuntu (i-HMI).
UMFANEKISO 4 »Uhlelo lwe-LeoLED lwewebhu.
UMFANEKISO 5 »Uhlelo lwe-LeoLED lokufakwa kwezibani eziningi ezisheshayo.
Njengoba izinhlelo zokupholisa ze-UV-LED zingakhiphi amaza okukhanya kwe-infrared. Zidlulisela amandla okushisa amancane endaweni yokupholisa kunezibani zomusi we-mercury, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ama-LED e-UV kufanele abhekwe njengobuchwepheshe bokupholisa okubandayo. Izinhlelo zokupholisa ze-UV-LED zingakhipha imisebe ephezulu kakhulu, futhi amaza okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet awuhlobo lwamandla. Noma yikuphi ukuphuma okungamuncwa yi-chemistry kuzoshisa ingxenye engaphansi noma i-substrate kanye nezingxenye zomshini ezizungezile.
Ama-LED e-UV nawo ayizingxenye zikagesi ezingasebenzi kahle ngenxa yomklamo kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-semi-conductor eluhlaza kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza kanye nezingxenye ezisetshenziswa ukupakisha ama-LED kuyunithi enkulu yokushisa. Ngenkathi izinga lokushisa leshubhu le-mercury vapor quartz kumele ligcinwe phakathi kuka-600 no-800 °C ngesikhathi sokusebenza, izinga lokushisa le-LED pn junction kumele lihlale lingaphansi kuka-120 °C. Ama-35-50% kuphela kagesi anika amandla i-UV-LED array aguqulwa abe umphumela we-ultraviolet (oxhomeke kakhulu kubude be-wavelength). Okunye kuguqulwa kube ukushisa okushisa okumele kususwe ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elifunwayo le-junction futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhanya kwesistimu ethile, ubuningi bamandla, kanye nokufana, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ama-LED ngokwemvelo angamadivayisi aqinile ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi ukuhlanganisa ama-LED emihlanganweni emikhulu enezinhlelo zokupholisa eziklanywe kahle futhi ezigcinwe kahle kubalulekile ekufezeni izincazelo zokuphila isikhathi eside. Akuzona zonke izinhlelo zokupholisa i-UV ezifanayo, futhi izinhlelo zokupholisa i-UV-LED eziklanywe futhi ezipholile ngendlela engafanele zinamathuba amakhulu okushisa ngokweqile nokwehluleka ngendlela eyingozi.
Izibani ze-Arc/LED Hybrid
Kunoma iyiphi imakethe lapho ubuchwepheshe obusha buqalwa khona njengobuthatha indawo yobuchwepheshe obukhona, kungaba nokwesaba mayelana nokwamukelwa kanye nokungabaza ukusebenza. Abasebenzisi abangaba khona bavame ukulibazisa ukwamukelwa kuze kube yilapho kwakheka isisekelo sokufakwa esisekelwe kahle, kushicilelwa izifundo zamacala, ubufakazi obuhle buqala ukusabalala ngobuningi, futhi/noma bathola ulwazi noma izinkomba ezivela kubantu nezinkampani abaziyo nabazethembayo. Ubufakazi obuqinile buvame ukudingeka ngaphambi kokuba imakethe yonke ilahle ngokuphelele ukushintshela okudala nokuphelele kokusha. Akusizi ukuthi izindaba zempumelelo zivame ukuba yizimfihlo ezigcinwe ngokuqinile njengoba abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bengafuni ukuthi abancintisani bathole izinzuzo ezifanayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izindaba zangempela nezeqile zokudumazeka ngezinye izikhathi zingase zivele emakethe yonke zifihle izinzuzo zangempela zobuchwepheshe obusha futhi ziqhubeke nokubambezela ukwamukelwa.
Kuwo wonke umlando, futhi njengendlela yokuphikisana nokwamukelwa ngokungathandi, imiklamo ye-hybrid ivame ukwamukelwa njengebhuloho elishintshayo phakathi kobuchwepheshe obukhona nobusha. Ama-hybrid avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathole ukuzethemba futhi bazinqumele ukuthi imikhiqizo noma izindlela ezintsha kufanele zisetshenziswe kanjani futhi nini, ngaphandle kokudela amakhono amanje. Endabeni yokwelapha nge-UV, uhlelo lwe-hybrid luvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe ngokushesha nangokulula phakathi kwezibani zomusi we-mercury kanye nobuchwepheshe be-LED. Ngemigqa eneziteshi eziningi zokupholisa, ama-hybrid avumela ukucindezela ukuthi kusebenze i-100% LED, i-100% mercury vapor, noma noma yikuphi ukuxubana kobuchwepheshe obubili okudingekayo emsebenzini othile.
I-GEW inikeza izinhlelo ze-arc/LED hybrid zabaguquli bewebhu. Isixazululo sakhiwe selebula le-narrow-web elikhulu kunawo wonke emakethe ye-GEW, kodwa umklamo we-hybrid uyasebenza nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu nezingezona ezewebhu (Isithombe 6). I-arc/LED ifaka indlu yekhanda lesibani evamile engamukela umusi we-mercury noma ikhasethi ye-LED. Womabili amakhasethi asebenzisa uhlelo lwamandla nokulawula olujwayelekile. Ubuhlakani ngaphakathi kwesistimu buvumela ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zamakhasethi futhi buhlinzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla afanele, ukupholisa, kanye ne-interface yomsebenzisi. Ukususa noma ukufaka noma yiliphi lamakhasethi e-mercury vapor noma e-LED e-GEW ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngemizuzwana kusetshenziswa i-Allen wrench eyodwa.
UMFANEKISO 6 »Uhlelo lwe-Arc/LED lwewebhu.
Izibani ze-Excimer
Izibani ze-Excimer ziwuhlobo lwesibani esikhipha igesi esikhipha amandla e-ultraviolet angama-quasi-monochromatic. Nakuba izibani ze-excimer zitholakala ngamaza amaningi, imiphumela evamile ye-ultraviolet igxile ku-172, 222, 308, kanye no-351 nm. Izibani ze-excimer ezingu-172-nm ziwela ngaphakathi kwebhendi ye-UV ye-vacuum (100 kuya ku-200 nm), kuyilapho i-222 nm iyi-UVC kuphela (200 kuya ku-280 nm). Izibani ze-excimer ezingu-308-nm zikhipha i-UVB (280 kuya ku-315 nm), kanti i-351 nm iyi-UVA eqinile (315 kuya ku-400 nm).
Ama-wavelength e-UV e-vacuum angu-172-nm mafushane futhi aqukethe amandla amaningi kune-UVC; noma kunjalo, ayahluleka ukungena ngokujulile ezintweni. Eqinisweni, ama-wavelength e-172-nm amuncwa ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwe-10 kuya ku-200 nm ephezulu ye-UV-formulated chemistry. Ngenxa yalokho, izibani ze-excimer ezingu-172-nm zizoxhumanisa kuphela ubuso obungaphandle be-UV formulations futhi kumele zihlanganiswe nezinye izinto zokupholisa. Njengoba ama-wavelength e-UV e-vacuum amuncwa nomoya, izibani ze-excimer ezingu-172-nm kumele zisetshenziswe emoyeni ogcwele i-nitrogen.
Izibani eziningi ze-excimer zakhiwe yishubhu ye-quartz esebenza njengesivimbelo se-dielectric. Ishubhu igcwele amagesi angavamile akwazi ukwakha ama-molecule e-excimer noma e-exciplex (Isithombe 7). Amagesi ahlukene akhiqiza ama-molecule ahlukene, futhi ama-molecule ahlukene ajabulisayo anquma ukuthi yimaphi amaza okukhanya akhishwa yilambu. I-electrode ene-voltage ephezulu igijima ngobude bangaphakathi beshubhu ye-quartz, kanti ama-electrode asemhlabeni agijima ngobude bangaphandle. Ama-voltage adonswa esibanini ngamaza aphezulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ama-electron ageleze ngaphakathi kwe-electrode yangaphakathi futhi aphume kuyo yonke ingxube yegesi aye kuma-electrode angaphandle asemhlabeni. Lesi simo sesayensi saziwa ngokuthi i-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Njengoba ama-electron ehamba ngegesi, asebenzisana nama-athomu futhi adale izinhlobo ezinamandla noma ezi-ionized ezikhiqiza ama-molecule e-excimer noma e-exciplex. Ama-molecule e-Excimer nama-exciplex anempilo emfushane kakhulu, futhi njengoba ebola kusukela esimweni esijabulisayo kuya esimweni somhlaba, ama-photon okusatshalaliswa kwe-quasi-monochromatic ayakhishwa.
UMFANEKISO 7 »Isibani se-Excimer
Ngokungafani nezibani zomusi ze-mercury, ubuso beshubhu le-quartz lesibani se-excimer abushisi. Ngenxa yalokho, izibani eziningi ze-excimer zisebenza ngokupholisa okuncane noma okungekho. Kwezinye izimo, kudingeka izinga eliphansi lokupholisa elivame ukuhlinzekwa yigesi ye-nitrogen. Ngenxa yokuqina kokushisa kwesibani, izibani ze-excimer 'zivuliwe/zivaliwe' ngokushesha futhi azidingi imijikelezo yokufudumeza noma yokuphola.
Uma izibani ze-excimer ezikhanya ku-172 nm zihlanganiswa nezinhlelo ze-UVA-LED ezikhazimulayo ezi-quasi-monochromatic kanye nezibani ze-mercury vapor ze-broadband, kukhiqizwa imiphumela ye-matting surface. Izibani ze-UVA LED zisetshenziswa okokuqala ukugaya i-chemistry. Izibani ze-excimer ezi-quasi-monochromatic zibe sezisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-polymerize surface, bese kuthi okokugcina izibani ze-mercury ezi-broadband zixhumanise yonke i-chemistry. Imiphumela eyingqayizivele ye-spectral yobuchwepheshe obuthathu obusetshenziswa ezigabeni ezihlukene iletha imiphumela emihle yokwelapha ubuso engabonakali kanye nesebenzayo engenakufezwa nganoma yimuphi umthombo we-UV wodwa.
Amaza okukhanya e-Excimer angu-172 no-222 nm nawo ayasebenza ekubhubhiseni izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi kanye namagciwane ayingozi, okwenza izibani ze-excimer zibe usizo ekuhlanzeni indawo, ekubulaleni amagciwane, kanye nasekuphatheni amandla omhlaba.
Impilo Yesibani
Ngokuphathelene nokuphila kwesibani noma kwebhalbhu, izibani ze-arc ze-GEW ngokuvamile zifinyelela emahoreni angu-2,000. Ukuphila kwesibani akuyona into eqinisekile, njengoba ukuphuma kwe-UV kuncipha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kuthintwa yizici ezahlukahlukene. Ukwakheka kanye nekhwalithi yesibani, kanye nesimo sokusebenza kohlelo lwe-UV kanye nokusebenza kabusha kwento ekhiqizwayo kubalulekile. Izinhlelo ze-UV eziklanywe kahle ziqinisekisa ukuthi amandla afanele kanye nokupholisa okudingekayo kumklamo wesibani (ibhalbhu) othize kuyanikezwa.
Izibani (ama-bulb) anikezwa yi-GEW ahlala enikeza impilo ende kakhulu uma zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokupholisa ze-GEW. Imithombo yokuphakelwa yesibili ngokuvamile ishintshe isibani kusukela kusampula, futhi amakhophi kungenzeka angabi nokufakwa okufanayo, ububanzi be-quartz, okuqukethwe kwe-mercury, noma ingxube yegesi, okungathinta konke ukuphuma kwe-UV kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa. Lapho ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kungalingani nokupholisa uhlelo, isibani siyahlupheka kokubili ekukhiqizweni nasekuphileni. Izibani ezisebenza ngokubanda zikhipha i-UV encane. Izibani ezisebenza ngokubanda azihlali isikhathi eside futhi zigobile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwezibani ze-electrode arc sinqunyelwe izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwesibani, inani lamahora okusebenza, kanye nenani lokuqala noma lokushaya. Isikhathi ngasinye lapho isibani sishaywa nge-arc enamandla aphezulu ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ingxenye ye-electrode ye-tungsten iyaphela. Ekugcineni, isibani ngeke siphinde sishaye. Izibani ze-electrode arc zifaka izindlela zokuvala, lapho zisebenza, zivimba ukuphuma kwe-UV esikhundleni sokujikeleza amandla esibani ngokuphindaphindiwe. Uyinki osabela kakhulu, ukumbozwa, kanye nezinamathiselo kungabangela impilo yesibani ende; kanti, ukwakheka okusabela kancane kungadinga izinguquko zesibani ezivame kakhulu.
Izinhlelo ze-UV-LED zihlala isikhathi eside ngokwemvelo kunezibani ezivamile, kodwa impilo ye-UV-LED nayo ayiyona into eqinisekile. Njengasezibani ezivamile, ama-UV LED anemingcele yokuthi angaqhutshwa kanzima kangakanani futhi ngokuvamile kumele asebenze ngamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-120 °C. Ama-LED ashayela ngokweqile nama-LED angapholi kahle azobeka impilo engcupheni, okuholela ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo noma ekuhlulekeni okukhulu. Akubona bonke abahlinzeki bezinhlelo ze-UV-LED okwamanje abanikeza imiklamo ehlangabezana nesikhathi sokuphila esiphezulu esingaphezu kwamahora angu-20,000. Izinhlelo eziklanywe kahle futhi ezinakekelwe kangcono zizohlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-20,000, kanti izinhlelo eziphansi zizohluleka ngaphakathi kwamafasitela amafushane kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imiklamo yezinhlelo ze-LED iyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka futhi ihlala isikhathi eside ngokuphindaphinda ngakunye komklamo.
I-Ozon
Uma ubude obufushane be-UVC buthinta ama-molecule e-oxygen (O2), abangela ukuthi ama-molecule e-oxygen (O2) ahlukane abe ama-athomu amabili e-oxygen (O2). Ama-athomu e-oxygen yamahhala (O) abe eseshayisana namanye ama-molecule e-oxygen (O2) bese enza i-ozone (O3). Njengoba i-trioxygen (O3) ingazinzile kahle ezingeni lomhlabathi kune-dioxygen (O2), i-ozone ibuyela kalula kuma-molecule e-oxygen (O2) kanye ne-athomu ye-oxygen (O) njengoba idlula emoyeni womoya. Ama-athomu e-oxygen yamahhala (O2) abese ehlangana kabusha ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya ukuze akhiqize ama-molecule e-oxygen (O2).
Ngezicelo zokupholisa i-UV yezimboni, i-ozone (O3) ikhiqizwa lapho i-oxygen esemoyeni ixhumana namaza e-ultraviolet angaphansi kwama-240 nm. Imithombo yokupholisa i-mercury vapor-curing ikhipha i-UVC ephakathi kwama-200 nama-280 nm, ehlanganisa ingxenye yesifunda esikhiqiza i-ozone, kanti izibani ze-excimer zikhipha i-vacuum UV kuma-172 nm noma i-UVC kuma-222 nm. I-ozone edalwe yi-mercury vapor kanye nezibani ze-excimer curing ayizinzile futhi ayiyona inkinga enkulu emvelweni, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi isuswe endaweni eseduze ezungeze abasebenzi njengoba iyisicanucanu sokuphefumula futhi inobuthi emazingeni aphezulu. Njengoba izinhlelo zokupholisa i-UV-LED zezentengiselwano zikhipha umphumela we-UVA phakathi kwama-365 nama-405 nm, i-ozone ayikhiqizwa.
I-Ozone inephunga elifana nelensimbi, ucingo oluvuthayo, i-chlorine, kanye nenhlansi kagesi. Izinzwa zephunga lomuntu zingabona i-ozone ephansi njengezingxenye ezingu-0.01 kuya ku-0.03 ngesigidi (ppm). Nakuba ihlukahluka ngomuntu kanye nezinga lomsebenzi, amazinga angaphezu kuka-0.4 ppm angaholela emiphumeleni emibi yokuphefumula kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Umoya ofanele kufanele ufakwe emigqeni yokwelapha i-UV ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchayeka kwabasebenzi ku-ozone.
Izinhlelo zokupholisa i-UV ngokuvamile zenzelwe ukuvimba umoya wokukhipha umoya njengoba uphuma ezihlokweni zezibani ukuze ukwazi ukuwukhipha kude nabasebenzi nangaphandle kwesakhiwo lapho ubola khona ngokwemvelo lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo nokukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izibani ezingenayo i-ozone zifaka isithasiselo se-quartz esivimba ubude bamaza obukhiqiza i-ozone, futhi izindawo ezifuna ukugwema ukudonsa umoya noma ukusika imigodi ophahleni zivame ukusebenzisa izihlungi ekuphumeni kwabalandeli bokukhipha umoya.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-19-2024
