I-Asia ibalwa ngobuningi bemakethe yokugqoka yasolwandle emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokugcwala kwemboni yokwakha imikhumbi eJapan, eNingizimu Korea naseShayina.
Imakethe yokumboza olwandle emazweni ase-Asia ibilokhu ibuswa yizikhungo ezinamandla zokwakha imikhumbi ezifana neJapan, iSouth Korea, iSingapore, neChina. Eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule, ukukhula embonini yokwakha imikhumbi eNdiya, eVietnam nasePhilippines kunikeze amathuba abalulekile kubakhiqizi bezingubo zolwandle. I-Coatings World inikeza umbono jikelele wemakethe yokumboza olwandle e-Asia kulesi sici.
Ukubuka konke kweMakethe Yezimbozo Zasolwandle Esifundeni sase-Asia
Imakethe yokugqoka yasolwandle elinganiselwa ku-USD$3,100 million ekupheleni kuka-2023, ivele njengengxenye ebalulekile embonini yokupenda nokugqoka phakathi neminyaka eyishumi nesigamu edlule.
I-Asia ibala inani elikhulu lemakethe yokugqoka yasolwandle emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yokugcwala kwemboni yokwakha imikhumbi eJapan, eNingizimu Korea
kanye neShayina. Imikhumbi emisha ithatha u-40-45% wesamba sezingubo zasolwandle. Ukulungiswa nokugcinwa kwayo kuthatha cishe u-50-52% wesamba sezingubo zasolwandle, kuyilapho izikebhe/izikebhe zokuzijabulisa zakha u-3-4% wemakethe.
Njengoba kushiwo esigabeni esidlule, i-Asia iyisizinda semboni yokugqoka yasolwandle emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba inengxenye enkulu yemakethe, lesi sifunda sinezikhungo zokwakha imikhumbi ezisunguliwe kanye nenani labaphikisi abasha.
Isifunda saseMpumalanga Ekude - okuhlanganisa iShayina, iNingizimu Korea, iJapani kanye neSingapore - siyindawo enamandla embonini yezokugqoka zasemanzini. Lawa mazwe anezimboni zokwakha imikhumbi eziqinile kanye nokuhweba okukhulu kwasolwandle, okwenza kube nesidingo esikhulu sezingubo zasemanzini. Isidingo sezingubo zasemanzini kula mazwe kulindeleke ukuthi sibhalise izinga lokukhula elizinzile esikhathini esifushane nesiphakathi.
Ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili ezedlule (Julayi 2023- Juni 2024), ukuthengiswa kwezingubo zokugqoka zemikhumbi emisha kukhuphuke kakhulu, ngenxa yokusimama kwesidingo esivela eShayina naseNingizimu Korea. Ukuthengiswa kwezingubo zokugqoka zokulungisa imikhumbi kukhule kakhulu, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezidingo ezandayo zemikhumbi zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2, ukuze kuhambisane nemithethonqubo kaphethiloli wasolwandle.
Ukubusa kwe-Asia ekwakheni imikhumbi kanye nokwembozwa kwemikhumbi yasolwandle kuthathe amashumi eminyaka ukufeza. IJapane yaba yibutho lomhlaba wonke lokwakha imikhumbi ngawo-1960, iNingizimu Korea ngawo-1980 kanye neShayina ngawo-1990.
Manje amayadi asuka eJapan, eSouth Korea naseShayina angabadlali abakhulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izingxenye ezine ezinkulu zemakethe: imikhumbi yamathangi, imikhumbi ethwala izinto eziningi, imikhumbi yezitsha kanye nemikhumbi yasogwini njengezinkundla zokukhiqiza ezintantayo kanye nezindawo zokugcina igesi kanye nemikhumbi yokuvuselela igesi ye-LNG.
Ngokwesiko, iJapan neNingizimu Korea ziye zanikeza ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nokuthembeka uma kuqhathaniswa neChina. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu embonini yayo yokwakha imikhumbi, iChina manje ikhiqiza imikhumbi engcono ngezigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi njengemikhumbi yezitsha emikhulu kakhulu enamayunithi alinganayo angu-12,000-14,000 (TEU).
Abakhiqizi Abahamba Phambili Bezingubo Zasolwandle
Imakethe yokugqoka yasolwandle ihlanganiswe kahle, nabadlali abaphambili njengeChugoku Marine Paints, Jotun, AkzoNobel, PPG, Hempel, KCC, Kansai, Nippon Paint, kanye neSherwin-Williams ababala ngaphezu kwama-90% esabelo semakethe iyonke.
Njengoba sekuthengiswe ama-NOK ayizigidi ezingu-11,853 ($1.13 billion) ngo-2023 ebhizinisini layo lasolwandle, i-Jotun iphakathi kwabakhiqizi abakhulu emhlabeni jikelele bezingubo zasolwandle. Cishe ama-48% ezingubo zasolwandle zale nkampani athengiswe emazweni amathathu amakhulu e-Asia - iJapan, iSouth Korea kanye neChina - ngo-2023.
Njengoba i-AkzoNobel ithengisa emhlabeni wonke imali engu-€1,482 million evela ebhizinisini layo lokumboza olwandle ngo-2023, ingenye yabakhiqizi nabaphakeli abakhulu kakhulu bokumboza olwandle.
Abaphathi be-AkzoNobel baphawule embikweni wabo wonyaka ka-2023, “Ukubuyela emuva okuqhubekayo kwebhizinisi lethu lezingubo zasolwandle nakho kwaphawuleka ngemuva kwesiphakamiso esinamandla somkhiqizo, ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kanye nokugxila ekuzinzeni. Okwamanje, siphinde sakha ubukhona bethu emakethe yasolwandle entsha e-Asia, sigxile emikhunjini yezobuchwepheshe, lapho izinhlelo zethu ze-Intersleek ezisebenza kahle zinikeza khona umehluko wangempela. I-Intersleek iyisisombululo sokukhishwa kwe-biocide esingenazo izinto eziyingozi esihlinzeka ngokonga uphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi kubanikazi kanye nabaqhubi futhi sisiza ukusekela izifiso zokukhishwa kwe-carbonization embonini.”
I-Chugkou Paints ibike ukuthi ithengiswe ngama-yen ayizigidi ezingu-101,323 ($710 million) ngemikhiqizo yayo yokuhlobisa olwandle.
Amazwe Amasha Aqhuba Isidingo
Kuze kube manje, imakethe yokugqoka yasolwandle yase-Asia, ephethwe yiJapan, iSouth Korea, neChina, ibilokhu ibona isidingo esiqhubekayo esivela emazweni amaningana aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye neNdiya. Amanye ala mazwe kulindeleke ukuthi avele njengezikhungo ezinkulu zokwakha nokulungisa imikhumbi esikhathini esimaphakathi neside.
I-Vietnam, iMalaysia, iPhilippines, i-Indonesia, kanye ne-India ikakhulukazi kulindeleke ukuthi zidlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwemboni yokugqoka olwandle eminyakeni ezayo.
Isibonelo, imboni yezolwandle yaseVietnam imenyezelwe njengomkhakha oza kuqala nguhulumeni waseVietnam futhi isendleleni yokuba enye yezindawo ezinkulu zokwakha imikhumbi nokulungisa imikhumbi e-Asia. Isidingo sezingubo zasolwandle kuzo zombili imikhumbi yemikhumbi yasekhaya neyakwamanye amazwe evalelwe eVietnam kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
“Sikhulise indawo yethu eVietnam ukuze sifake izembozo zasolwandle,” kusho u-Ee Soon Hean, umqondisi jikelele, i-Nippon Paint Vietnam, eyasungula isisekelo sokukhiqiza eVietnam ngo-2023. “Ukukhula okuqhubekayo emkhakheni wezasolwandle kuholela ekwandeni kwazo zonke izindawo ezinkulu zokwakha imikhumbi nokulungisa ezweni. Kunamamitha amakhulu ayisithupha enyakatho, afanayo eningizimu kanye namabili eVietnam ephakathi. Ucwaningo lwethu lukhombisa ukuthi kunemikhumbi engaba ngu-4,000 ezodinga izembozo, okuhlanganisa ezakhiwe ezintsha kanye ne-tonnage ekhona.”
Izici Zokulawula Nezemvelo Zokukhulisa Isidingo Sokumboza Olwandle
Izici zomthetho kanye nezemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubekisele phambili isidingo kanye nokwenyuswa kwenani lemikhiqizo yokugqoka yasolwandle eminyakeni ezayo.
Ngokusho kwe-International Maritime Organisation (IMO), imboni yezokuthutha olwandle njengamanje inesibopho se-3% yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni. Ukuze kulwiwe nalokhu, imboni manje icindezelwa ohulumeni, abalawuli bamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nomphakathi kabanzi ukuthi ihlanze isenzo sayo.
I-IMO yethule umthetho okhawulela futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi emoyeni nasolwandle. Kusukela ngoJanuwari 2023, yonke imikhumbi engaphezu kwamathani angu-5,000 ilinganiswa ngokwe-IMO's Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), esebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zokubala ukukhishwa kwegesi emikhunjini.
Izembozo ze-hull zivele njengendawo ebalulekile yokugxila ezinkampanini zokuthumela kanye nabakhiqizi bemikhumbi ekunciphiseni izindleko zikaphethiloli kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi. I-hull ehlanzekile inciphisa ukumelana, iqeda ukulahlekelwa yisivinini futhi ngaleyo ndlela ilondoloze uphethiloli futhi inciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi. Izindleko zikaphethiloli ngokuvamile zimele phakathi kuka-50 no-60% wezindleko zokusebenza. Iphrojekthi ye-GloFouling ye-IMO ibike ngo-2022 ukuthi abanikazi bangonga imali efinyelela ku-USD 6.5 million ngomkhumbi ngamunye ezindlekweni zikaphethiloli esikhathini seminyaka emihlanu ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanza i-hull kanye ne-propeller okusebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-13-2024
