Umnotho womhlaba wonke ubhekene nokuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla esikhathini esidlule.
Izinhlangano ezimele izimboni ze-inki zokunyathelisa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zaseYurophu zichaze kabanzi ngesimo esibucayi nesinzima sezindaba zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla esibhekene nalo mkhakha njengoba ungena ku-2022.
IInhlangano Yezinki Zokunyathelisa YaseYurophu (i-EuPIA)igcizelele iqiniso lokuthi ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus ludale izimo ezihlangene ezifana nezici ezidingekayo ukuze kube nesiphepho esiphelele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezici ezahlukene manje kubonakala sengathi kuthinta kakhulu lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.
Iningi lezazi zezomnotho kanye nochwepheshe bezokuthengwa kwempahla banombono wokuthi umnotho womhlaba wonke ubhekene nokuguquguquka okukhulu kakhulu kwezentengiso kwempahla esikhathini sakamuva. Isidingo semikhiqizo siyaqhubeka sidlula ukunikezwa kwempahla, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukutholakala kwezinto zokusetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke kanye nokutholakala kwempahla kuye kwathinteka kakhulu.
Lesi simo, esibangelwa ubhubhane womhlaba wonke oqhubeka nokubangela ukuvalwa kwemikhiqizo emazweni amaningi, saqala saba sibi kakhulu yiqembu labathengi abaya ekhaya abathenga izinto eziningi kunokuvamile futhi ngaphandle kwezinkathi zonyaka ezimatasa. Okwesibili, ukuvuselelwa komnotho womhlaba wonke ngesikhathi esifanayo emhlabeni wonke kwabangela ukwanda okwengeziwe kwesidingo.
Izinkinga zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ezikhubazayo ezivela ngqo ezidingweni zokuhlukaniswa kwabantu ngenxa yobhubhane kanye nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi nabashayeli nakho kudale ubunzima, kanti eShayina, ukwehla komkhiqizo ngenxa yoHlelo Lokunciphisa Amandla lwaseShayina, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezibalulekile kuye kwandisa kakhulu izinkinga zemboni.
Izinto Ezikhathazayo Eziyinhloko
Kubakhiqizi be-inki yokunyathelisa kanye ne-coating, ukushoda kwezinto zokuthutha kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa kubangela izinselele ezahlukahlukene, njengoba kuchazwe ngezansi:
• _x0007_Ukungalingani kokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo sezinto eziningi ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-inki okunyathelisa—isb. amafutha emifino kanye nezinto eziphuma kuwo, amakhemikhali kaphethroli, imibala kanye ne-TiO2—kubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ezinkampanini ezingamalungu e-EuPIA. Izinto kuzo zonke lezi zigaba, ngezinga elihlukile, zibona isidingo esikhulu ngenkathi ukunikezwa kuqhubeka nokuncishiswa. Ukuguquguquka kwesidingo kulezo zindawo ezisele kuholele ekwandeni kobunzima emakhonweni abathengisi okubikezela nokuhlela ukuthunyelwa.
• _x0007_Ama-pigment, kufaka phakathi i-TiO2, akhuphuke kakhulu muva nje ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo kanye nokuvalwa kwefektri eShayina okubangelwe yi-Chinese Energy Reduction Program. I-TiO2 ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulu sokukhiqizwa kopende wezakhiwo (njengoba ingxenye yomhlaba wonke ye-DIY ihlangabezane nokwanda okukhulu okusekelwe kubathengi abahlala emakhaya) kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-wind turbine.
• _x0007_Ukutholakala kwamafutha emifino ephilayo kuye kwathinteka yizimo zezulu ezingezinhle e-USA naseLatin America. Ngokudabukisayo, lokhu kuhambisana nokungeniswa kweChina kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalesi sigaba sezinto zokusetshenziswa kukhuphukile.
• _x0007_Amakhemikhali kaphethroli—ama-resin nama-solvent alaphekayo nge-UV, i-polyurethane kanye ne-acrylic—aye enyuka ngezindleko kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2020 kanti ezinye zalezi zinto zinezimfuneko ezikhuphukayo ezingaphezu kwamazinga alindelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni ibone izehlakalo eziningi zamandla amakhulu eziye zanciphisa kakhulu ukuhlinzekwa futhi zabhebhethekisa isimo ebesivele singazinzile.
Njengoba izindleko ziqhubeka nokwanda kanye nokutholakala kuqhubeka nokuqina, abakhiqizi be-inki yokunyathelisa kanye ne-coating bonke bathintwa kakhulu ukuncintisana okukhulu kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezinsiza.
Nokho, izinselele ezibhekene nemboni azigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngamakhemikhali kanye namakhemikhali kaphethroli. Ezinye izici zemboni ezifana nokupakisha, ukuthutha impahla kanye nezokuthutha nazo zibhekene nobunzima.
• _x0007_Imboni iyaqhubeka nokubhekana nokuntuleka kwensimbi yezigubhu kanye nezitsha zokudla ze-HDPE ezisetshenziselwa amabhakede namajagi. Ukwanda kwesidingo kwezentengiselwano eziku-inthanethi kuqhuba ukunikezwa okuncane kwamabhokisi ahlanganisiwe kanye nezinto zokufaka. Ukwabiwa kwezinto, ukubambezeleka kokukhiqiza, izitsha zokudla, ukuphoqeleka okukhulu kanye nokuntuleka kwabasebenzi konke kunegalelo ekwandeni kokupakisha. Amazinga angavamile esidingo ayaqhubeka nokwedlula ukunikezwa.
• _x0007_Ubhubhane ludale umsebenzi wokuthenga abathengi ongajwayelekile (kokubili ngesikhathi sokuvalwa nangemva kokuvalwa), okubangele isidingo esingavamile ezimbonini eziningi futhi kwanciphisa umthamo wokuthutha wezimpahla emoyeni nasolwandle. Izindleko zikaphethiloli wejethi zikhuphukile kanye nezindleko zokuthumela amakhonteyina (kweminye imizila esuka e-Asia-Pacific iya eYurophu kanye/noma e-USA, izindleko zamakhonteyina zikhuphukile ngokuphindwe ka-8-10 kunokuvamile). Kuvele amashejuli okuthutha izimpahla olwandle angajwayelekile, futhi abathwali bezimpahla bavaleleke noma baphoqelekile ukuthola amachweba okwehlisa amakhonteyina. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesidingo esikhulayo kanye nezinsizakalo zokuthutha ezingalungiselelwanga kahle kuholele ekushodeni okukhulu komthamo wokuthutha izimpahla.
• _x0007_Ngenxa yezimo zobhubhane, kunezinyathelo eziqinile zempilo nokuphepha emachwebeni omhlaba wonke, okuthinta umthamo wechweba kanye nomthamo walo. Iningi lemikhumbi yezimpahla zasolwandle ayifiki ngesikhathi sayo sokufika esihleliwe, kanti imikhumbi engafiki ngesikhathi ihlangabezana nokulibaziseka njengoba ilinde ukuvula izikhala ezintsha. Lokhu kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwezindleko zokuthumela kusukela ekwindla ka-2020.
• _x0007_Kukhona ukushoda okukhulu kwabashayeli bamaloli ezindaweni eziningi kodwa lokhu kuye kwabonakala kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Nakuba lokhu kushoda kungeyona into entsha futhi bekulokhu kuyinkinga okungenani iminyaka eyi-15, kumane nje kuye kwanda ngenxa yobhubhane lomhlaba wonke.
Okwamanje, enye yezokuxhumana zakamuva ezivela kwiBritish Coatings Federation ibonise ukuthi ekuqaleni kwekwindla ka-2021, kube nokwanda okusha kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa ezithinta imikhakha yopende noyinki wokunyathelisa e-UK, okusho ukuthi abakhiqizi manje base bebhekene nezingcindezi ezinkulu zezindleko. Njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa zibiza cishe u-50% wazo zonke izindleko embonini, futhi njengoba ezinye izindleko ezifana namandla nazo zikhula ngokushesha, umthelela kulo mkhakha awukwazi ukweqiswa.
Amanani kawoyela manje asephindwe kabili ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule futhi akhuphuke ngo-250% eqophelweni eliphansi langaphambi kobhubhane langoMashi 2020, okungaphezu kokulingana nokwenyuka okukhulu okubonwe ngesikhathi senkinga yentengo kawoyela eholwa yi-OPEC yango-1973/4 futhi muva nje ukwanda okukhulu kwentengo kubikwe ngo-2007 nango-2008 njengoba umnotho womhlaba ungena ekuwohlokeni komnotho. Ku-US$83/umphongolo, amanani kawoyela ekuqaleni kukaNovemba akhuphuke kusuka esilinganisweni sama-US$42 ngoSepthemba ngonyaka odlule.
Umthelela Embonini Yeyinki
Umthelela kubakhiqizi be-inki yopende nokuphrinta ngokusobala unzima kakhulu njengoba amanani e-solvent manje enyuke ngo-82% ngokwesilinganiso kunonyaka odlule, kanti ama-resin nezinto ezihlobene nawo abona ukunyuka kwentengo ngo-36%.
Amanani ezinyibilikisi eziningana ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa yile mboni aphindeke kabili futhi kathathu, kanti izibonelo eziphawulekayo yi-n-butanol ekhuphuke isuka ku-£750 ngethani yaya ku-£2,560 ngonyaka. I-n-butyl acetate, i-methoxypropanol kanye ne-methoxypropyl acetate nazo zibone amanani ephindwe kabili noma kathathu.
Amanani aphezulu abonwe futhi ngama-resin nezinto ezihlobene nawo, isibonelo, intengo emaphakathi yesisombululo se-epoxy resin ikhuphuke ngo-124% ngoSepthemba 2021 uma kuqhathaniswa noSepthemba 2020.
Kwezinye izindawo, amanani amaningi e-pigment nawo ayephezulu kakhulu ngamanani e-TiO2 aphezulu ngo-9% kunonyaka odlule. Ekupakisheni, amanani ayephezulu kuwo wonke umuntu, isibonelo, amathini ayindilinga angamalitha amahlanu akhuphuke ngo-10% kanti ngamanani e-drum aphezulu ngo-40% ngo-Okthoba.
Kunzima ukuthola izibikezelo ezithembekile kodwa njengoba izinhlangano eziningi ezinkulu zokubikezela zilindele ukuthi amanani kawoyela ahlale ngaphezu kwama-US$70 ngomgqomo ngo-2022, izinkomba zithi izindleko eziphakeme zizohlala zikhona.
Amanani kawoyela azokwehla ngo-'22
Okwamanje, ngokusho kwe-Energy Information Administration (EIA) ese-US, i-Short-Term Energy Outlook yayo yakamuva iphakamisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa okukhulayo kukawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli evela emazweni e-OPEC+ kanye ne-USA kuzoholela ekukhuleni kwezitokwe zikaphethiloli oketshezi emhlabeni wonke kanye namanani kawoyela ongahluziwe ehla ngo-2022.
Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe emhlabeni wonke kudlule ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe amakota amahlanu alandelanayo, kusukela kwikota yesithathu ka-2020. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinqolobane zikaphethiloli emazweni e-OECD zehle ngamabhareli ayizigidi ezingu-424, noma u-13%. Bekulindeleke ukuthi isidingo sikawoyela ongahluziwe emhlabeni wonke sizodlula ukuphakelwa komhlaba wonke kuze kube sekupheleni konyaka, sinikele ekudonsweni okwengeziwe kwempahla, futhi sigcine intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe we-Brent ingaphezu kuka-US$80/ibhareli kuze kube nguDisemba 2021.
Isibikezelo se-EIA sithi izinqolobane zikawoyela emhlabeni wonke zizoqala ukwakhiwa ngo-2022, okubangelwa ukukhiqizwa okukhulayo okuvela emazweni e-OPEC+ kanye ne-USA kodwa nokukhula kancane kwesidingo sikawoyela emhlabeni jikelele.
Lolu shintsho cishe luzobeka ingcindezi ephansi entengo ye-Brent, okuzoba isilinganiso sama-US$72 ngomgqomo phakathi no-2022.
Amanani entengo e-Brent, okuyisilinganiso samazwe ngamazwe samafutha angahluziwe, kanye ne-West Texas Intermediate (WTI), okuyisilinganiso samafutha angahluziwe ase-US, akhuphukile kusukela emazingeni awo aphansi ngo-Ephreli 2020 futhi manje angaphezulu kwamazinga angaphambi kobhubhane.
Ngo-Okthoba 2021, intengo kawoyela ongahluziwe we-Brent yayilinganiselwa ku-US$84/umphongolo, kanti intengo ye-WTI yayilinganiselwa ku-US$81/umphongolo, okuyintengo ephakeme kakhulu kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2014. I-EIA ibikezela ukuthi intengo ye-Brent izokwehla isuka ku-US$84/umphongolo ngo-Okthoba 2021 iye ku-US$66/umphongolo ngoDisemba 2022 kanti intengo ye-WTI izokwehla isuka ku-US$81/umphongolo iye ku-US$62/umphongolo phakathi nesikhathi esifanayo.
Izitolimende zikawoyela ongahluziwe eziphansi, emhlabeni jikelele nase-USA, zibeke ingcindezi yentengo ephezulu ezinkontilekeni zikawoyela ongahluziwe eziseduze nesikhathi, kanti amanani ezinkontileka zikawoyela ongahluziwe asenesikhathi eside ephansi, okubonisa ukulindela kwemakethe elinganiselayo ngo-2022.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-31-2022
