Ochwepheshe manje bafuna ukugxila kakhulu ekusebenziseni amandla kanye nemikhuba yokusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa uma kukhulunywa ngokupakisha ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza elahlwayo.
Igesi ephehla ugesi (i-GHG) ebangelwa uphethiloli ophezulu kanye nemikhuba emibi yokuphathwa kwemfucuza yizinselelo ezimbili eziphambili ezibhekene nemboni yokugqoka izingubo e-Afrika, ngakho-ke kuphuthuma ukusungula izixazululo ezizinzile ezingagcini nje ngokuvikela ukuzinza kwemboni kodwa futhi eziqinisekisa abakhiqizi nabadlali abakuchungechunge lwenani lezindleko zebhizinisi ezincane kanye nenzuzo ephezulu.
Ochwepheshe manje bafuna ukugxila okukhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla kanye nemikhuba yokusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa uma kukhulunywa ngokupakisha ukuze kuncishiswe imfucuza elahlwayo uma isifunda sifuna ukufaka isandla ngempumelelo ku-zero engenalutho ngo-2050 futhi sandise ukujikeleza kweketanga lenani lemboni yokugqoka.
Iningizimu Afrika
ENingizimu Afrika, ukuthembela kakhulu emithonjeni yamandla eqhutshwa yizinto zasendulo ekusebenzeni kwezitshalo zokumboza amandla kanye nokungabikho kwezinqubo zokulahla imfucuza ezilawulwa kahle neziphoqelelwayo kuye kwaphoqa ezinye zezinkampani zokumboza zezwe ukuthi zikhethe ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nezixazululo zokupakisha ezingasetshenziswa kabusha futhi ziphinde zisetshenziswe ngabakhiqizi kanye nabathengi babo.
Isibonelo, i-Polyoak Packaging eseKapa, inkampani egxile ekuklanyweni nasekukhiqizweni kwamaphakheji epulasitiki aqinile anesibopho semvelo okusetshenziswa kokudla, iziphuzo kanye nezimboni, ithi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcola kwepulasitiki, okubangelwa ingxenye yomkhakha wokukhiqiza okuhlanganisa nomkhakha wezingubo, kuyizinkinga ezimbili "ezimbi" zomhlaba kodwa ezitholakalayo kubadlali bemakethe yezingubo ezintsha.
UCohn Gibb, umphathi wezokuthengisa wenkampani, uthe eGoli ngoJuni 2024 umkhakha wamandla ubanga ngaphezu kuka-75% wokukhishwa kwegesi ebanga ukushisa komhlaba ngamandla omhlaba avela kumafutha angaphansi komhlaba. ENingizimu Afrika, amafutha angaphansi komhlaba abanga kufika ku-91% wamandla aphelele ezweni uma kuqhathaniswa no-80% emhlabeni jikelele lapho amalahle ebusa khona ukuphakelwa kukagesi kuzwelonke.
“INingizimu Afrika iyizwe le-13 elikhulu elikhipha igesi ebanga ukushisa emhlabeni wonke elinomkhakha wamandla osebenzisa kakhulu ikhabhoni emazweni e-G20,” kusho yena.
I-Eskom, inkampani kagesi yaseNingizimu Afrika, “ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili emhlabeni wonke we-GHG njengoba ikhipha i-sulphur dioxide eningi kune-US ne-China zihlangene,” kusho uGibb.
Ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwe-sulphur dioxide kunemiphumela enqubweni yokukhiqiza yaseNingizimu Afrika kanye nezinhlelo zayo okubangela isidingo sezinketho zamandla ahlanzekile.
Isifiso sokusekela imizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi okubangelwa uphethiloli kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza, kanye nokunciphisa ukucinywa komthwalo okuqhubekayo okubangelwa yizindleko ze-Eskom, kuholele i-Polyoak kumandla avuselelekayo azobona inkampani ikhiqiza cishe ama-kwh ayizigidi ezingu-5.4 ngonyaka.
Amandla ahlanzekile akhiqizwayo “angasindisa amathani angu-5,610 okukhishwa kwe-CO2 minyaka yonke okungadinga izihlahla ezingu-231,000 ngonyaka ukuze zimunce,” kusho uGibb.
Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha kwamandla avuselelekayo kunganele ukusekela imisebenzi yePolyoak, inkampani okwamanje itshale imali kumajeneretha ukuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi okungaphazamiseki ngesikhathi sokunciphisa ugesi ukuze kukhiqizwe kahle kakhulu.
Kwenye indawo, uGibb uthi iNingizimu Afrika ingenye yamazwe anemikhuba emibi kakhulu yokuphathwa kwemfucuza emhlabeni futhi kungadingeka izixazululo ezintsha zokupakisha ngabakhiqizi bezingubo zokugqoka ukuze kuncishiswe inani lemfucuza engasetshenziswa kabusha nengaphinde isetshenziswe ezweni lapho amakhaya afinyelela ku-35% engenalo uhlobo lokuqoqwa kwemfucuza. Ingxenye enkulu yemfucuza ekhiqizwayo ilahlwa ngokungemthetho futhi ilahlwe emigodini evame ukwandisa izindawo zokuhlala ezingahlelekile, ngokusho kukaGibb.
Ukupakishwa Okungasetshenziswa Kabusha
Inselelo enkulu yokuphathwa kwemfucuza ivela ezinkampanini zokupakisha zepulasitiki nezembozo kanye nabaphakeli banethuba lokunciphisa umthwalo emvelweni ngokupakisha okungasetshenziswa kabusha okuhlala isikhathi eside okungaphinde kusetshenziswe kalula uma kudingeka.
Ngo-2023, uMnyango Wezamahlathi Nezokudoba kanye Nezemvelo waseNingizimu Afrika wasungula umhlahlandlela wokupakisha wezwe ohlanganisa izigaba ezine zezinto zokupakisha ezifana nezinsimbi, ingilazi, iphepha kanye nepulasitiki.
Umnyango uthe lesi siqondiso ukusiza “ukunciphisa inani lokupakisha eligcina lisezindaweni zokulahla udoti ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo, ukwandisa ikhwalithi yemikhuba yokukhiqiza kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvimbela imfucuza.”
“Enye yezinhloso ezibalulekile zalesi siqondiso sokupakisha ukusiza abaklami kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokupakisha ngokuqonda kangcono imiphumela yezemvelo yezinqumo zabo zokuklama, ngaleyo ndlela bakhuthaze imikhuba emihle yezemvelo ngaphandle kokukhawulela ukukhetha,” kusho owayengungqongqoshe we-DFFE uCreecy Barbara, osethuthelwe emnyangweni wezokuthutha.
E-Polyoak, uGibb uthi, abaphathi benkampani bebelokhu beqhubeka nokupakisha amaphepha abo okugxile “ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamabhokisi ukuze kusindiswe izihlahla.” Amabhokisi e-Polyoak enziwe ngebhodi lamabhokisi okudla ngezizathu zokuphepha.
“Ngokuvamile kuthatha izihlahla ezingu-17 ukukhiqiza ithani elilodwa lebhodi lekhabhoni,” kusho uGibb.
“Uhlelo lwethu lokubuyisela amabhokisi lusiza ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwebhokisi ngalinye ngokwesilinganiso izikhathi ezinhlanu,” enezela, ecaphuna ingqophamlando ka-2021 yokuthenga amathani angu-1600 amabhokisi amasha, ukuwasebenzisa kabusha ngaleyo ndlela kusindiswe izihlahla ezingu-6,400.”
UGibb ulinganisela ukuthi esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka, ukusebenzisa kabusha amabhokisi kusindisa izihlahla ezingu-108,800, okulingana nezihlahla eziyisigidi eminyakeni eyi-10.
I-DFFE ilinganisela ukuthi sekutholakale amathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12 okupakisha amaphepha namaphepha ukuze kusetshenziswe kabusha ezweni eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, kanti uhulumeni uthi ngaphezu kuka-71% wephepha nokupakisha okutholakalayo kwaqoqwa ngo-2018, okulinganiselwa kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-1,285.
Kodwa inselele enkulu ebhekene neNingizimu Afrika, njengoba kunjalo emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, ukwanda kokulahlwa kwepulasitiki okungalawulwa, ikakhulukazi ama-pellet epulasitiki noma ama-nurdles.
“Imboni yepulasitiki kumele ivimbele ukuchitheka kwama-pellet epulasitiki, ama-flakes noma ama-powder endaweni ezungezile evela ezindaweni zokukhiqiza nezokusabalalisa,” kusho uGibb.
Njengamanje, iPolyoak iqhuba umkhankaso obizwa ngokuthi 'catch that pellet drive' ohlose ukuvimbela ama-pellet epulasitiki ngaphambi kokuba angene emiseleni yamanzi emvula eNingizimu Afrika.
“Ngeshwa, ama-pellet epulasitiki abhekwa njengokudla okumnandi ezinhlanzini nasezinyonini eziningi ngemva kokushelela emiseleni yamanzi emvula lapho efika khona emifuleni yethu ehamba phansi olwandle futhi ekugcineni ehla efika emabhishi ethu.”
Ama-pellet epulasitiki avela kuma-microplastic atholakala othulini lwamathayi kanye ne-microfiber ekuhlanzweni nasekuwomiseni izingubo ze-nylon kanye ne-polyester.
Okungenani ama-87% epulasitiki amancane ashintshiwe ngezimpawu zomgwaqo (7%), ama-microfiber (35%), uthuli lwedolobha (24%), amathayi (28%) kanye nama-nurdles (0.3%).
Lesi simo cishe sizoqhubeka njengoba i-DFFE ithi iNingizimu Afrika “ayinazo izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuphathwa kwemfucuza ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwabathengi zokuhlukanisa nokucubungula ukupakishwa okubolayo nokungafakwa umquba.
“Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zinto azinawo umsebenzi wangempela kubaqoqi bemfucuza abasemthethweni noma abangahlelekile, ngakho-ke imikhiqizo cishe izohlala endaweni ezungezile noma ekugcineni, igcine isendaweni yokulahla udoti,” kusho i-DFFE.
Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kokuba khona koMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwabathengi Izigaba 29 no-41 kanye noMthetho Wezindinganiso ka-2008 Izigaba 27(1) kanye no-{2) ezivimbela izimangalo ezingamanga, ezidukisayo noma ezikhohlisayo mayelana nezithako zomkhiqizo noma izici zokusebenza kanye namabhizinisi ekufakeni izimangalo ezingamanga noma asebenze ngendlela engase "idale umbono wokuthi imikhiqizo ihambisana ne-South African National Standard noma ezinye izincwadi ze-SABS."
Esikhathini esifushane kuya kwesesikhathini esiphakathi, i-DFFE inxusa izinkampani ukuthi zinciphise umthelela wemvelo wemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo kuyo yonke impilo yazo “njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokusimama kuyinselele enkulu yomphakathi namuhla, kubaluleke kakhulu.”
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-22-2024
