Amaphrojekthi amasha embonini kawoyela negesi yaseRussia, okuhlanganisa neshalofu lase-Arctic, athembisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo emakethe yasekhaya yezingubo zokulwa nokugqwala.
Umqedazwe we-COVID-19 ulethe omkhulu, kodwa umthelela wesikhashana emakethe yomhlaba wonke yama-hydrocarbons. Ngo-Ephreli ka-2020, isidingo sikawoyela emhlabeni wonke safika ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-1995, kwehlisela phansi intengo ye-Brent crude yaya ku-$28 emgqonyeni ngamunye ngemva kokukhuphuka okusheshayo kokutholakala kukawoyela osele.
Ngesinye isikhathi, intengo kawoyela wase-US isize yaba yimbi ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni. Kodwa-ke, lezi zehlakalo ezimangalisayo zibukeka zingawumisi umsebenzi wemboni kawoyela negesi yaseRussia, njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke sama-hydrocarbon kulindeleke ukuthi sibuyele emuva ngokushesha.
Isibonelo, i-IEA ilindele ukuthi isidingo sikawoyela sibuyele emazingeni angaphambi kwenhlekelele ngokushesha nje ngo-2022. Ukukhula kwesidingo segesi - naphezu kokwehliswa kwamarekhodi ngo-2020 - kufanele kubuye esikhathini eside, ngezinga elithile, ngenxa yokusheshisa amalahle emhlabeni jikelele. ukushintsha igesi ukukhiqiza amandla.
Imidondoshiya yaseRussia iLukoil, iNovatek neRosneft, namanye amachweba ahlela ukwethula amaphrojekthi amasha endaweni yokumba uwoyela negesi kokubili emhlabeni naseshalofini lase-Arctic. Uhulumeni waseRussia ubona ukuxhashazwa kweziqiwi zakhe zase-Arctic ngokusebenzisa i-LNG njengesisekelo seSu lamandla akhe ukuya ku-2035.
Kulesi sizinda, isidingo saseRussia sezingubo zokulwa nokugqwala nazo zinezibikezelo ezikhanyayo. Sekukonke ukuthengiswa kulesi sigaba kufinyelele ku-Rub18.5 billion ngo-2018 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-250), ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yi-Discovery Research Group esezinze eMoscow. Ama-coatings we-Rub7.1 billion (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-90) angeniswa eRussia, nakuba ukungenisa kule ngxenye kuvame ukwehla, ngokusho kwabahlaziyi.
Enye i-ejensi yokubonisana ezinze eMoscow, i-Concept-Center, ilinganisela ukuthi ukuthengiswa emakethe kuphakathi kwamathani angama-25,000 kuya kwangu-30,000 ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Isibonelo, ngo-2016, imakethe yesicelo se-anti-corrosive coatings eRussia yalinganiselwa ku-Rub 2.6 billion ($ 42 million). Imakethe kukholakala ukuthi ikhula kancane phakathi neminyaka edlule ngesivinini esimaphakathi samaphesenti amabili kuya kwamathathu ngonyaka.
Ababambiqhaza bemakethe bazwakalisa ukuzethemba, isidingo sokunamathela kule ngxenye sizokhula eminyakeni ezayo, yize umthelela wobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ungakapheli.
“Ngokwezibikezelo zethu, isidingo sizonyuka kancane [eminyakeni ezayo]. Imboni kawoyela negesi idinga ukulwa nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa, ukunqanda umlilo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokumboza ukuze kuqaliswe amaphrojekthi amasha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isidingo sishintshela ku-single-layer polyfunctional coatings. Vele, umuntu akakwazi ukungayinaki imiphumela yobhubhane lwe-coronavirus, okuyinto, ngendlela, engakapheli, ”kusho uMaxim Dubrovsky, umqondisi jikelele womkhiqizi wezingubo zaseRussia u-Akrus. “Ngaphansi kwesibikezelo esingenathemba, ukwakhiwa [embonini kawoyela negesi] kungase kungahambi ngokushesha njengoba kwakuhleliwe ngaphambili.
Umbuso uthatha izinyathelo zokukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi ufinyelele ijubane elihleliwe lokwakha. "
Ukuncintisana okungewona amanani
Kunabadlali okungenani abangama-30 emakethe yezingubo zokulwa nokugqwala yaseRussia, ngokusho kwe-Industrial Coatings. Abadlali bangaphandle abahamba phambili yiHempel, Jotun, International Protective Coatings, Steelpaint, PPG Industries, Permatex, Teknos, phakathi kwabanye.
Abahlinzeki abakhulu baseRussia yi-Akrus, VMP, Russian Paints, Empils, Moscow Chemical Plant, ZM Volga kanye neRaduga.
Phakathi neminyaka emihlanu edlule, ezinye izinkampani okungezona ezaseRussia, ezihlanganisa i-Jotun, i-Hempel kanye ne-PPG ziye zenza ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo zokulwa nokugqwala eRussia. Kunesizathu esicacile somnotho ngemuva kwesinqumo esinjalo. Isikhathi sokukhokha sokwethulwa kwezingubo ezintsha zokulwa nokugqwala emakethe yaseRussia sisukela phakathi kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi u-Azamat Gareev, inhloko ye-ZIT Rossilber.
Ngokusho kwe-Industrial Coatings, lesi sigaba semakethe yezingubo zaseRussia singachazwa ngokuthi i-oligopsony - ifomu lemakethe lapho inani labathengi lincane. Ngokuphambene, inani labathengisi likhulu. Wonke umthengi waseRussia unesethi yakhe yangaphakathi eqinile yezidingo, abahlinzeki kufanele bahambisane nayo. Umehluko phakathi kwezidingo zamakhasimende ungaba mkhulu.
Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kungenye yezingxenye ezimbalwa zemboni yezingubo zaseRussia, lapho intengo ingekho phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko ezinquma isidingo.
Isibonelo, i-Rosneft igunyaze izinhlobo ezingu-224 zezingubo zokulwa nokugqwala, ngokusho kwerejista yaseRussia yabahlinzeki bezingubo zemboni kawoyela negesi. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-Gazprom igunyaze ama-coatings angu-55 kanti i-Transneft ivume ama-34 kuphela.
Kwezinye izingxenye, isabelo sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe siphezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinkampani zaseRussia zingenisa cishe amaphesenti angama-80 ezinto zokumboza zamaphrojekthi aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Ukuncintisana emakethe yaseRussia yezingubo zokulwa nokubola kunamandla kakhulu, kusho uDmitry Smirnov, umqondisi jikelele weMoscow Chemical Plant. Lokhu kucindezela inkampani ukuthi ihambisane nesidingo futhi yethule ukukhiqizwa kwemigqa emisha yokuhlanganisa njalo eminyakeni embalwa. Le nkampani iphinde isebenzise izikhungo zesevisi, ilawula isicelo sokuhlanganisa, wengeza.
“Izinkampani zokumboza zaseRussia zinamandla anele okwandisa ukukhiqizwa, okuzonciphisa ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Izingubo eziningi zezinkampani zikawoyela negesi, kuhlanganise nalezo zamaphrojekthi asogwini, zikhiqizwa ezitshalweni zaseRussia. Kulezi zinsuku, ukuthuthukisa isimo somnotho, kuwo wonke amazwe, kubalulekile ukwandisa umkhiqizo wempahla yokukhiqiza kwawo, "kusho uDubrobsky.
Ukushoda kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokukhiqiza izimbotshana ezilwa nokugqwala kubalwe phakathi kwezinto ezivimbela izinkampani zaseRussia ekwandiseni isabelo sazo emakethe, kubika i-Industrial Coatings, icaphuna abahlaziyi bezimakethe zendawo. Isibonelo, kukhona ukushoda kwama-aliphatic isocyanate, ama-epoxy resins, uthuli lwezinc nezinye izingulube.
“Imboni yamakhemikhali incike kakhulu ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezivela kwamanye amazwe futhi iyazwela emananini azo. Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo emisha eRussia kanye nokushintshwa kwamanye amazwe, kukhona izitayela ezinhle mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini yezingubo zokugqoka, "kusho uDubrobsky.
“Kubalulekile ukukhulisa amakhono ukuze uqhudelane, isibonelo, nabahlinzeki base-Asia. Ama-fillers, ama-pigment, ama-resin, ikakhulukazi i-alkyd ne-epoxy, manje angakwazi uku-oda kubakhiqizi baseRussia. Imakethe yeziqinisekiso ze-isocyanate nezithasiselo ezisebenzayo ihlinzekwa ikakhulukazi ngokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe. Amandla okuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwethu kwalezi zingxenye kumele kuxoxwe ngawo ezingeni likahulumeni. "
Izembatho zamaphrojekthi asogwini endaweni ebonakalayo
Iphrojekthi yokuqala yaseRussia engasogwini kwaba inkundla emile ye-Prirazlomnaya ekhiqiza uwoyela ekwazi ukumelana neqhwa oLwandle iPechora, eningizimu yeNovaya Zemlya. I-Gazprom ikhethe i-Chartek 7 kwa-International Paint Ltd. Le nkampani kubikwa ukuthi ithenge amakhilogremu angu-350,000 wezinto zokumboza ukuze kuvikelwe isiteji sokungagqwali.
Enye inkampani kawoyela yaseRussia iLukoil ibisebenza inkundla ye-Korchagin kusukela ngo-2010 kanye nesiteji sasePhilanovskoe kusukela ngo-2018, kokubili oLwandle lweCaspian.
I-Jotun inikeze ama-anti-corrosive coatings kuphrojekthi yokuqala kanye ne-Hempel yesibili. Kulesi sigaba, izidingo zokumboza ziqinile ikakhulukazi, ngoba ukubuyiselwa kommeli we-coatings ngaphansi kwamanzi akunakwenzeka.
Isidingo sezingubo zokulwa nokugqwala engxenyeni yasogwini sihlobene nekusasa lemboni yomhlaba kawoyela negesi. I-Russia inamaphesenti angaba ngu-80 wemithombo kawoyela negesi ebekwe ngaphansi kweshalofu lase-Arctic kanye nenqwaba yezindawo ezigciniwe ezihloliwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-US iphethe amaphesenti angu-10 kuphela ezinsiza zeshalofu, ilandelwa iCanada, iDenmark, iGreenland neNorway, ehlukanisa amaphesenti angu-10 asele phakathi kwawo. Izinqolobane zikawoyela ezihloliwe zaseRussia ezingasogwini zinezela amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kawoyela olingana nawo. I-Norway iyisekhondi elikude ngamathani ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane ezigciniwe eziqinisekisiwe.
"Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningi - ezomnotho nezemvelo - lezo zinsiza zingase zingatholakali," kusho u-Anna Kireeva, umhlaziyi wenhlangano evikela imvelo iBellona. "Ngokwezilinganiso eziningi, isidingo sikawoyela emhlabeni wonke singase sikhuphuke ngokushesha eminyakeni emine kusukela manje, ngo-2023. Izimali ezinkulu zikahulumeni zokutshala izimali ezazakhelwe phezu kukawoyela nazo ziyayeka ukutshalwa kwezimali emkhakheni kawoyela - isinyathelo esingase sikhuthaze Izimali zomhlaba wonke ziyasuka kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi njengoba ohulumeni nabatshalizimali bezikhungo befaka izimali kumandla avuselelekayo.”
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwegesi yemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule phakathi neminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengama-30 ezayo - futhi igesi yakha ingxenye enkulu yezisetshenziswa zaseRussia hhayi kuphela eshalofini lase-Arctic kodwa nasemhlabeni. UMengameli uVladimir Putin uthe uhlose ukwenza iRussia ibe yinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ehlinzeka ngegesi yemvelo - okungalindelekile uma kubhekwa ukuncintisana kweMoscow neMpumalanga Ephakathi, kusho uKireeva.
Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zikawoyela zaseRussia zathi iphrojekthi yeshalofu kungenzeka ibe ikusasa lemboni kawoyela negesi yaseRussia.
Enye yezindawo ezibalulekile ze-Rosneft ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza ze-hydrocarbon eshalofini lezwekazi, kusho inkampani.
Namuhla, lapho cishe zonke izizinda ezinkulu zikawoyela negesi ezisogwini zitholwa futhi zithuthukiswa, futhi lapho ubuchwepheshe nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela we-shale kukhula ngokushesha, iqiniso lokuthi ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kukawoyela emhlabeni litholakala eshalofini lezwekazi le-World Ocean alinakuphikwa, iRosneft. kusho isitatimende esiku-website yayo. Ishalofu laseRussia linendawo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni: Amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha kanti iRosneft iphethe amalayisense amakhulu eshalofu lezwekazi laseRussia, inkampani yengeza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-17-2024
