Ubukhulu beMakethe yePolymer Resin balinganiselwa ku-USD 157.6 Bilion ngo-2023. Imboni yePolymer Resin kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku-USD 163.6 Bilion ngo-2024 iye ku-USD 278.7 Bilion ngo-2032, ikhombisa izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-6.9% ngesikhathi sokubikezela - 20324 (20324). Okulingana nezimboni kwezinsalela zezitshalo ezivele ngokwemvelo yinhlaka ye-polymer efana nezinsalela zezitshalo, i-polymer resin nayo iqala njengoketshezi olubonakalayo, olunamathelayo oluqina unomphela ngemva kokuchayeka emoyeni isikhathi esinqunyelwe kusengaphambili. Imvamisa, ama-polymers we-thermosetting namanye ama-organic compounds anensipho ukuze adalwe. Amafutha e-hydrocarbon afaka igesi yemvelo, uwoyela ongahluziwe, amalahle, usawoti, nesihlabathi asetshenziswa njengezisekelo zokwakha inhlaka ye-polymer. Abakhiqizi bezinto ezingavuthiwe abaguqula okuphakathi kube ama-polymer nama-resin kanye nama-processor aguqula lezi zinto zibe yizimpahla eziqediwe bakha izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zemboni ye-polymer resin. Abahlinzeki bezinto zokusetshenziswa basebenzisa i-resin ephakathi nendawo noma i-monomer enezinqubo ze-polymerization ukukhiqiza ama-polymer eluhlaza. Izinto ze-polymer ezingahluziwe zivame ukukhiqizwa futhi zithengiswe kuhlobo oluwuketshezi lwezinamathiselo, ama-sealant, nama-resin, noma zingathengwa ngobuningi njengama-pellets, izimpushana, ama-granules, noma amashidi. Umthombo omkhulu wama-polymer precursors uwoyela, noma i-petroleum engahluziwe. Amaphrosesa ajwayele ukusebenzisa amasu okuqhekeka ukuze aguqule ama-petroleum hydrocarbons abe ama-alkene e-polymerizable njenge-ethylene, i-propylene, ne-butylene.
Amathrendi eMakethe ye-Polymer Resin
I-Bio-Based Polymer Resins Izuza Ukudonsa Njengezixazululo Zokupakisha Eziqhubekayo
Izinsalela ze-polymer ezisekelwe ku-Bio ziye zavela njengesixazululo esivelele sokubhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulayo ngokusimama kwemvelo kanye nomthelela oyingozi wokupakishwa kwepulasitiki yendabuko. Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo ngokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kanye nemiphumela yako emibi kuma-ecosystem, abathengi, amabhizinisi, kanye nohulumeni baya ngokuya bamukela ama-polymer resins asuselwa ku-bio njengendlela eqhubekayo yokufaka izicelo. Lo mkhuba uqhutshwa yizici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezigqamisa izinzuzo namandla e-bio-based polymer resins ekuguquleni imboni yokupakisha ibe yikusasa elisimeme kakhudlwana. Amapulasitiki avamile asekelwe ku-petroleum sekuyisikhathi eside kuyisinqumo esiyinhloko sokupakishwa ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, ukuguquguquka, nokuqina. Kodwa-ke, ukungaboli kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuphikelela endaweni ezungezile kuye kwaholela ekuqongeleleni okumangalisayo kwemfucumfucu yepulasitiki, okwabeka usongo olukhulu ekuphileni kwasolwandle, izilwane zasendle nempilo yabantu. Ngokuphambene, ama-polymer resins asuselwa ku-bio atholakala emithonjeni evuselelekayo efana nezitshalo, ulwelwe, noma i-waste biomass, enikeza indlela yokunciphisa ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint ehambisana nokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki.
Enye yezinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu zama-polymer resins asuselwa ku-bio ukubola kwawo kanye nokuhlangana kwawo. Amapulasitiki endabuko angathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukubola, kuyilapho ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ku-bio zingahle zehle ngokwemvelo zibe izingxenye ezingenabo ubuthi ngesikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa. Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukuthi i-bio-basedizinto zokupakishaungaqhubeki endaweni ezungezile, unciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa kanye nokulimala kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, izinsalela ze-polymer ezenziwe nge-bio-based compostable zinganothisa inhlabathi njengoba zibola, zibe nesandla endleleni eyisiyingi nevuselelayo ekufakweni kokulawulwa kwemfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwama-polymer resins asekelwe ku-bio ngokuvamile kubandakanya ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abasekelwe ku-petroleum. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabhizinisi nezimboni ezifuna ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yazo ziphendukela kwezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ku-bio njengendlela esebenzayo yokufeza izinhloso zazo zokusimama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-polymers asekelwe ku-bio angakwazi ngisho nokuthatha ikhabhoni ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo, awenze izinto ezingenayo ikhabhoni futhi abe nomthelela ekwehliseni ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwezinsalela ze-polymer ezisekelwe ku-bio. Abakhiqizi manje sebeyakwazi ukuhlanganisa izici zalezi zinsiza ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zokupakisha ezahlukahlukene, njengokuguquguquka, izici zokuvimbela, namandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-polymer resins asuselwa ku-bio aya ngokuya ethola ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni, ezihlanganisa ukudla nesiphuzo, izimonyo, ezemithi, nokunye. Imithethonqubo nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni nazo zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekuqhubekiseni ukwamukelwa kwezinsalela ze-polymer ezisekelwe ku-bio. Amazwe amaningi nezifunda zisebenzisa izindlela zokukhawulela noma zokuvimbela imikhiqizo yepulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye, ekhuthaza amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlole ezinye izindlela ezisimeme. Ukwengeza, ohulumeni bangase banikeze izikhuthazo noma uxhaso ukuze bakhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisekelwe ku-bio, okuqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kwemakethe.
Ukushintshela ku-bio-based polymer resins akuzange kube ngaphandle kwezinselelo, noma kunjalo. Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili eyenziwe ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio zisengabhekana nemikhawulo mayelana nezindleko nokukala. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza zamanye ama-resin asekelwe ku-bio zingadinga izinsiza ezibalulekile, ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwazo kwezindleko uma kuqhathaniswa namapulasitiki omdabu. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka kanye nesidingo sikhuphuka, umnotho wesilinganiso kungenzeka wehlise izindleko futhi wenze ama-polymer resins asuselwa ku-bio ancintisane kakhulu.
Ukukhula kokukhula kwezinhlaka ze-polymer ezisekelwe ku-bio njengezixazululo ezisimeme zokupakisha kuphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile sokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki nokwakha umphakathi okhathalela kakhulu imvelo. Ngokubola kwazo, i-carbon footprint ephansi, kanye namandla okusebenza akhulayo, lezi zinsiza zinikeza enye indlela ephoqelelayo kumapulasitiki endabuko asekelwe ku-petroleum. Njengoba amabhizinisi, abathengi, kanye nohulumeni ngokuya bebeka phambili ukusimama, imakethe ye-polymer resin esekelwe ku-bio isilungele ukukhula, ikhuthaza umnotho oyindilinga lapho udoti wokupakishwa uncishiswa, futhi izinsiza zisetshenziswa ngempumelelo kakhudlwana. Ngokwamukela izinto ezisekelwe ku-bio, imboni yokupakisha ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni iplanethi izizukulwane ezizayo.
I-Polymer Resin Market Segment Insights
Imakethe ye-Polymer Resin nge-Resin Type Insights
Ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwe-resin, ingxenye yemakethe ye-Polymer Resin ifaka i-polystyrene, i-polyethylene,i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polypropylene, i-polystyrene enwebekayo, nabanye. Umkhiqizo odume kakhulu emakethe ye-polymer resin yi-polyethylene. Ithandwa ngendlela emangalisayo kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuqina, nokufinyeleleka kwayo. Imikhiqizo eminingi, efana nempahla yokupakisha, izikhwama zepulasitiki, izitsha, amapayipi, amathoyizi, nezingxenye zemoto, isebenzisa i-polyethylene. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kwenziwa lula ukumelana kwayo namakhemikhali okuphakeme, ukumunca umswakama ophansi, kanye nokuba lula kokukhiqiza. Okunye ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwayo nokukhanga kwezentengiselwano izinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene, njenge-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) kanye ne-low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ehlinzeka ngezimfanelo ezikhethekile zokufaka izicelo.
I-Polymer Resin Market nge-Application Insights
Ingxenye yemakethe yePolymer Resin, ngokususelwa kuhlelo lokusebenza, ifaka ugesi nogesi, ukwakhiwa, ezokwelapha, ezezimoto, zabathengi, izimboni, ukupakisha, nokunye. Ukupakisha kuwuhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu oluhlobene nemakethe ye-polymer resin. Ama-polymer resins, kufaka phakathi. i-polyethylene, i-polypropylene, ne-polystyrene, ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ekupakisheni izinto. Zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zokupakisha ngenxa yezimfanelo zazo eziphezulu, ezihlanganisa ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, nokumelana nomswakama. Ama-polymer resins ayizinto ezikhethwayo zokupakishwa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ukupakishwa kokudla nesiphuzo, imithi, izimpahla zabathengi, kanye nezimpahla zezimboni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi angakwazi ukumboza futhi alondoloze izinto ngempumelelo, ashibhile, futhi angasetshenziswa kuzitayela nemiklamo ehlukahlukene yephakheji.
I-Polymer Resin Market Regional Insights
Ngokwesifunda, lolu cwaningo luhlinzeka ngemininingwane yemakethe eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Asia-Pacific, nasemhlabeni Wonke. Ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, indawo yase-Asia Pacific ibone ukwanda okukhulu kanye nokubusa kwemakethe. Kuyikhaya lezikhungo zezimboni ezibalulekile njengeChina, i-India, iJapan, neNingizimu Korea, lapho izinto ezenziwe nge-polymer resin zidingeka kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazwe amakhulu afundwe emakethe yi-US, Canada, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea kanye neBrazil.
Abadlali Ababalulekile Bemakethe Yemakethe Ye-Polymer Resin Nemininingwane Yokuncintisana
Abathengisi abaningi bezifunda nabasendaweni babonisa i-polymer resin, imakethe inokuncintisana kakhulu, nabo bonke abadlali bayaqhudelana ukuze bathole isabelo semakethe esiphezulu. Isidingo esikhulayo se-polymer resin emikhakheni yokupakisha nowoyela negesi kukhulisa ukuthengiswa kwe-polymer resin. Abathengisi bayaqhudelana ngokuya ngezindleko, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nokutholakala kwemikhiqizo ngokwezindawo. Abathengisi kufanele banikeze i-Polymer resin engabizi futhi ephezulu ukuze bancintisane emakethe.
Ukukhula kwabadlali bemakethe kuncike ezimakethe nezimo zomnotho, imithetho kahulumeni, nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. Ngakho-ke, abadlali kufanele bagxile ekwandiseni amandla abo okukhiqiza ukuze bahlangabezane nesidingo futhi bathuthukise iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo wabo. I-Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, kanye ne-Exxon Mobil Corporation yizinkampani ezinkulu ezikhona ngokwezinga lentengo, ezimakethe zekhwalithi. ukutholakala. Laba badlali bagxile kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwe-polymer resin. Nakuba abadlali bamazwe ngamazwe bebusa imakethe, abadlali besifunda nabasekhaya abanamasheya amancane ezimakethe nabo banobukhona obusesilinganisweni. Abadlali bamazwe ngamazwe abakhona emhlabeni wonke, abanamayunithi okukhiqiza amisiwe noma amahhovisi okuthengisa, baqinise ubukhona babo ezifundeni ezinkulu ezifana neNyakatho Melika, i-Europe, i-Asia-Pacific, i-Latin America, ne-Middle East & Africa.
Inkampani Borealis AG: ungumholi ekugayweni kabusha kwe-polyolefin eYurophu futhi ungomunye wabahlinzeki abaphambili emhlabeni bezixazululo ze-polyolefin ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezinobungani nemvelo. Le nkampani ibusa izimakethe eziyisisekelo zamakhemikhali nezomanyolo eYurophu. Inkampani izenzele igama njengozakwethu webhizinisi othembekile kanye nomkhiqizo owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke oqhubeka ungeza inani kozakwethu, amaklayenti, namakhasimende. Le nkampani iyibhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwe-OMV, ibhizinisi likawoyela negesi emhlabeni wonke elinekomkhulu e-Austria, enamasheya angama-75%, kanye ne-Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC), enekomkhulu e-United Arab Emirates (UAE), enama-25% asele. Nge-Borealis kanye nezinhlangano ezimbili ezibalulekile ezihlanganyelwe, i-Borouge (ne-ADNOC, ezinze e-UAE) kanye ne-BaystarTM (neTotalEnergies, ezinze e-US), ihlinzeka ngamasevisi nezimpahla kumakhasimende emhlabeni wonke.
Le nkampani inezikhungo zamakhasimende e-Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Turkey, United States. Izimboni Zokukhiqiza zise-Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, South Korea, Sweden, The Netherlands, United States, futhi izikhungo zokusungula ezise-Austria, Finland, naseSweden. Le nkampani isebenza ezifundeni eziyi-120 kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia-Pacific, eLatin America, eMiddle East nase-Afrika.
I-BASF SE:ungomunye wabakhiqizi bamakhemikhali abahamba phambili emhlabeni. Le nkampani iyingqalabutho yemakethe ekuqhubekiseni inguquko ekukhishweni kwe-CO2 eyiziro ngesu eliphelele lokuphatha ikhabhoni. Inobuhlakani obusha obunamandla obusebenzisa ububanzi obubanzi bobuchwepheshe ukuze inikeze izixazululo ezimbonini ezihlukene zamakhasimende kanye nokuthuthukisa umkhiqizo. Le nkampani isebenza ngezigaba eziyisithupha: izinto zokwakha, izixazululo zezimboni, amakhemikhali, ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, izixazululo zezolimo, nokudla nokunakekelwa. Ihlinzeka ngama-polymer resins kuyo yonke imikhakha kufaka phakathi umkhakha wokupakisha nowoyela negesi. Le nkampani iqhuba ibhizinisi layo ngezigaba eziyi-11 ezilawula amayunithi angama-54 amabhizinisi omhlaba nawesifunda futhi yakhe amasu amabhizinisi angama-72. I-BASF iphawula ubukhona bayo emazweni angama-80 futhi isebenza ezindaweni eziyisithupha ze-Verbund, ezixhumanisa ukusebenza kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza, ukuhamba kwamandla, nengqalasizinda ezifundeni ezahlukene. Inamayunithi akhiqizayo angaba ngu-240 emhlabeni wonke okuhlanganisa i-Ludwigshafen, eJalimane, inxanxathela yamakhemikhali ehlanganisiwe enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ephethwe inkampani eyodwa. I-BASF ngokuyinhloko isebenza eYurophu futhi inobukhona obusebenzayo emazweni aseMelika, e-Asia-Pacific, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika. Isebenza cishe amakhasimende angama-82,000 avela cishe kuyo yonke imikhakha emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinkampani Ezibalulekile eMakethe ye-Polymer Resin zihlanganisa.
●Inkampani Borealis AG
●I-BASF SE
●Evonik Industries AG
●LyondellBasell Industries NV
●Shell Plc
●I-Solvay
●I-Roto Polymers
●Dow Chemical Company
●Nan Ya Plastics Corp
●Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation
●Celanese Corporation
●INEOS Iqembu
●Exxon Mobil Corporation
I-Polymer Resin Market Industry Developments
Meyi 2023: I-LyondellBasell kanye ne-Veolia Belgium bakha i-joint venture (JV) ye-Quality Circular Polymers (QCP) baphinde basebenzise ipulasitiki. Ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano, i-LyondellBasell izothenga inzalo ka-Veolia Belgium engu-50% ku-QCP ukuze ibe umnikazi wenkampani yedwa. Ukuthenga kuhambisana nohlelo lwe-LyondellBasell lokwakha umnotho oyindilinga oyimpumelelo kanye nenkampani yezixazululo zekhabhoni ephansi ukuze kubhekwane nesidingo esikhulayo sezimpahla namasevisi ahambisana nemvelo.
Mashi 2023, i-LyondellBasell kanye ne-Mepol Group babefake isiqiniseko sokuthola i-Mepol Group. Lokhu kutholwa kukhombisa ukuzibophezela kukaLyondellBasell ekuthuthukiseni umnotho oyindilinga..
Novemba-2022: I-Shell Chemical Appalachia LLC, inkampani engaphansi kweShell plc, imemezele ukuthi i-Shell Polymers Monaca (SPM), iphrojekthi ye-Pennsylvania Chemical, isiqalile ukusebenza. Imboni yasePennsylvania, ekhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.6 ngonyaka, iyindawo yokuqala ebalulekile yokukhiqiza i-polyethylene eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States.
Meyi 2024:Ngokugunyazwa kwemboni yayo yokuqala yase-US ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanganisela zepulasitiki ze-EC nama-masterbatches, i-Premix Oy manje isisungule ngokusemthethweni ihhovisi e-United States. Abakhulumeli benkampani balindele ukuthi lesi sitshalo esingeziwe sizovumela "amakhasimende ukuthi asebenzise izinto ezivela emazwenikazi amabili abakhiqizi bethu bekhwalithi ephezulu. Njengekhasimende le-Premix e-US, uzozuza emikhiqizweni namasevisi akhiqizwa endaweni, okuzoqinisekisa izikhathi ezimfushane zokuhola kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu. Engxoxweni, bathi abasebenzi abangu-30-35 bazoqashwa lapho isitshalo esizoqalwa ngo-20 kulindelekile ukuthi siqale ukusebenza ngo-20. Amathreyi engxenye ye-ESD emabhokisini okufaka amagwebu amaningi, amakhreyithi, namaphalethi angasetshenziswa kumathreyi engxenye ye-ESD, kumagwebu okupakisha ngobuningi, amabhokisi, amakhreyithi namaphalethi Namuhla, asebenza eFinland anamandla okuhlanganisa ama-polymer ahlukahlukene njenge-ABS, i-polycarbonate, i-PC/Arbs, kokubili i-PC/Arbs, i-Plastiki ye-PC. ama-elastomers TPES kanye ne-thermoplastic polyurethanes TPUs.
Agasti 2024:I-polybutylene terephthalate resin entsha engagcwalisiwe, eshintshiwe ngomthelela isiyatholakala ku-Polymer Resources, inhlanganisela yase-US yezinsalela zobunjiniyela. I-resin ye-TP-FR-IM3 ingasetshenziselwa izinhlelo zikagesi ezimeni zezulu ezifana nangaphandle, izikhawu ezingaphandle kanye nezindawo ezivalekile zasendlini/izindlu. Inekhono elihle lesimo sezulu, amandla omthelela, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokubambezeleka komlilo. I-Tagheuer ithi ithole isitifiketi esinemibala yonke ngaphansi kwe-UL743C F1. Iphinde ihlangabezane namazinga e-UL94 V0 kanye ne-UL94 5VA yokunciphisa ilangabi lapho ubukhulu obungu-1.5 mm (.06 amayintshi) futhi inikeza inhlobonhlobo yokunye ukulungiselelwa okufana namandla omthelela aphezulu, ukumelana nogesi okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu e-dielectric nokulahlekelwa kwe-dielectric okuphansi. Leli banga elisha liphinde lihambisane ne-UL F1 yonke imibala ukuze lisetshenziswe ngaphandle futhi liyakwazi ukumelana notshani obunzima nengadi, amakhemikhali ezimoto nawokuhlanza.
I-Polymer Resin Market SegmentationI-Polymer Resin Market Resin Uhlobo lwe-Outlook
●I-Polystyrene
● I-Polyethylene
● I-Polyvinyl Chloride
● I-Polypropylene
● I-Polystyrene Enwebekayo
●Okunye
I-Polymer Resin Market Application Outlook
●Ezogesi neze-elekthronikhi
●Ukwakha
●Ezokwelapha
●Ezezimoto
●Umthengi
●Okwezimboni
●Ukupakisha
●Abanye
I-Polymer Resin Market Regional Outlook
●INyakatho Melika
oUS
oCanada
●IYurophu
oGermany
oFrance
oUK
oItaly
oSpain
oIYurophu yonke
●I-Asia-Pacific
oChina
oJapan
oNdiya
oAustralia
oSouth Korea
oAustralia
o Yonke indawo yase-Asia-Pacific
●IMpumalanga Ephakathi ne-Afrika
oSaudi Arabia
oUAE
oNingizimu Afrika
oKuphela eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika
●Latin America
oBrazil
o Argentina
oIndawo yonke yaseLatin America
| Isibaluli/Imethrikhi | Imininingwane |
| Usayizi Wemakethe 2023 | I-USD 157.6 billion |
| Usayizi Wemakethe 2024 | I-USD 163.6 billion |
| Usayizi Wemakethe 2032 | I-USD 278.7 billion |
| Izinga Lokukhula Lonyaka Elihlanganisiwe (CAGR) | 6.9 % (2024-2032) |
| Base Year | 2023 |
| Isikhathi Sokubikezela | 2024-2032 |
| Idatha Yomlando | 2019 & 2022 |
| Izibikezelo Units | Inani (USD Billion) |
| Bika Ukusabalala | Isibikezelo Semali Engenayo, Isimo Sendawo Encintisanayo, Izinto Zokukhula, kanye namathrendi |
| Izingxenye Ezihlanganisiwe | Uhlobo lwe-Resin, isicelo, kanye nesifunda |
| Izindawo Ezihlanganisiwe | ENyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Asia Pacific, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika, naseLatin America |
| Amazwe Akhaviwe | I-US, Canada, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Argentina, |
| Izinkampani Ezibalulekile Zifakwe Iphrofayili | I-Borealis AG, BASF SE, Evonik Industries AG, LyondellBasell Industries NV, Shell Plc, Solvay, Roto Polymers, Dow Chemical Company, Nan Ya Plastics Corp, Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Celanese Corporation, INEOS Group, kanye ne-Exxon Mobil Corporation |
| Amathuba Emakethe Abalulekile | · Ukukhula Okukhulayo Kokutholwa Kwezipolymer Ezingaboli |
| Amandla Emakethe Abalulekile | · Ukunwetshwa Kwemboni Kawoyela Negesi· Ukukhula Okuphawulekayo Kwemboni Yokupakisha |
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-16-2025

