1. Kwenzekani uma uyinki upholishwa ngokweqile?Kukhona umbono wokuthi uma ubuso beyinki buvezwa ekukhanyeni okukhulu kwe-ultraviolet, buzoba nzima kakhulu. Uma abantu bephrinta enye inki kule filimu yeyinki eqinile bese beyomisa okwesibili, ukunamathelana phakathi kwezingqimba zeyinki eziphezulu nezingezansi kuzoba kubi kakhulu.
Enye inkolelo-mbono ukuthi ukugqwala ngokweqile kuzobangela ukugqwala kwe-photo ebusweni beyinki. Ukugqwala kwe-photo kuzobhubhisa izibopho zamakhemikhali ebusweni befilimu yeyinki. Uma izibopho zama-molecule ebusweni befilimu yeyinki ziwohloka noma zonakele, ukunamathelana phakathi kwayo nolunye ungqimba lweyinki kuzoncishiswa. Amafilimu eyinki agqwala ngokweqile awagcini nje ngokuguquguquka kakhulu, kodwa futhi avame ukubhidlika ebusweni.
2. Kungani amanye ama-inki e-UV ephola ngokushesha kuneminye?Ama-inki e-UV ngokuvamile aklanywa ngokwezici zezingxenye ezithile kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zezicelo ezithile. Ngokombono wamakhemikhali, lapho uyinki uphola ngokushesha, kulapho ukuguquguquka kwawo kuba kubi ngemva kokuphiliswa. Njengoba ungacabanga, lapho uyinki uphola, ama-molecule ayinki azobhekana nokusabela kokuxhumanisa. Uma la ma-molecule akha inani elikhulu lamaketanga ama-molecule anamagatsha amaningi, uyinki uzophola ngokushesha kodwa ngeke uguquke kakhulu; uma la ma-molecule akha inani elincane lamaketanga ama-molecule ngaphandle kwamagatsha, uyinki ungase uphole kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile uzophola kakhulu. Ama-inki amaningi aklanywe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, kuma-inki aklanyelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamaswishi e-membrane, ifilimu yeyinki epholishiwe kumele ihambisane nama-adhesive ahlanganisiwe futhi iguquguquke ngokwanele ukuze ivumelane nokucutshungulwa okulandelayo njengokusikwa kwe-die kanye nokunamathisela.
Kuyafaneleka ukuqaphela ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa kuyinki azikwazi ukusabela ebusweni be-substrate, ngaphandle kwalokho zingabangela ukuqhekeka, ukuphuka noma ukuhlukana. Uyinki onjalo uvame ukuphola kancane. Uyinki owenzelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamakhadi noma amabhodi okubonisa epulasitiki aqinile awudingi ukuguquguquka okuphezulu futhi woma ngokushesha kuye ngezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyinki woma ngokushesha noma kancane, kumelwe siqale kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina. Enye inkinga okufanele siyiqaphele imishini yokwelapha. Amanye uyinki angaphola ngokushesha, kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza kahle okuphansi kwemishini yokwelapha, ijubane lokwelapha leyinki lingase lehliswe noma lingapholi ngokuphelele.
3. Kungani ifilimu ye-polycarbonate (PC) iphenduka ibe phuzi uma ngisebenzisa uyinki we-UV?I-Polycarbonate iyazwela emisebeni ye-ultraviolet enobude obungaphansi kwama-nanometer angu-320. Ukuphuzi kobuso befilimu kubangelwa ukuphuka kochungechunge lwama-molecule okubangelwa yi-photooxidation. Izibopho zama-molecule epulasitiki zimunca amandla okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet futhi zikhiqize ama-free radicals. Lawa ma-free radical asabela nomoya-mpilo emoyeni futhi ashintshe ukubukeka kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba zepulasitiki.
4. Ungakugwema noma ukuqeda kanjani ukuphuzi kobuso be-polycarbonate?Uma uyinki we-UV usetshenziswa ukuphrinta efilimini ye-polycarbonate, ukuphuzi kobuso bayo kungancishiswa, kodwa akunakuqedwa ngokuphelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-curing bulbs ane-iron eyengeziwe noma i-gallium kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukwenzeka kwalokhu kuphuzi. Lawa ma-bulbs azonciphisa ukukhishwa kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet emfushane ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo ku-polycarbonate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungisa kahle umbala ngamunye we-inki kuzosiza futhi ukunciphisa isikhathi sokuchayeka kwe-substrate ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet futhi kunciphise amathuba okushintsha umbala kwefilimu ye-polycarbonate.
5. Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwamapharamitha okusetha (ama-watts nge-intshi) esibanini sokwelapha se-UV kanye nokufundwa esikubona ku-radiometer (ama-watts ngesentimitha lesikwele noma ama-milliwatts ngesentimitha lesikwele)?
Ama-watts nge-intshi yiyunithi yamandla yesibani esikhanyisayo, etholakala kuma-volts omthetho ka-Ohm (i-voltage) x ama-amps (amanje) = ama-watts (amandla); kuyilapho ama-watts ngesentimitha lesikwele noma ama-milliwatts ngesentimitha lesikwele emele ukukhanya okuphezulu (amandla e-UV) endaweni ngayinye lapho i-radiometer idlula ngaphansi kwesibani esikhanyisayo. Ukukhanya okuphezulu kuncike kakhulu emandleni esibani esikhanyisayo. Isizathu sokuthi sisebenzisa ama-watts ukukala ukukhanya okuphezulu kungenxa yokuthi kumelela amandla kagesi asetshenziswa yisibani esikhanyisayo. Ngaphezu kwenani likagesi elitholwa yisibani esikhanyisayo, ezinye izici ezithinta ukukhanya okuphezulu zifaka isimo kanye ne-geometry yesibonisi, ubudala besibani esikhanyisayo, kanye nebanga phakathi kwesibani esikhanyisayo kanye nobuso obukhanyisayo.
6. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-millijoule nama-milliwatt?Amandla aphelele akhanyiswe endaweni ethile esikhathini esithile avame ukuvezwa ngama-joules ngesentimitha eliyisicaba noma ama-millijoules ngesentimitha eliyisikwele. Lokhu kuhlobene kakhulu nesivinini sebhande lokuhambisa, amandla, inombolo, ubudala, isimo sezibani zokukhanyisa, kanye nesimo sezibonisi ohlelweni lokukhanyisa. Amandla amandla e-UV noma amandla okukhanyisa akhanyiswe endaweni ethile abonakaliswa kakhulu ngama-watts/isentimitha eliyisikwele noma ama-milliwatts/isentimitha eliyisikwele. Lapho amandla e-UV ephakeme ekhanyiswe ebusweni be-substrate, kulapho amandla amaningi angena khona kwifilimu ye-inki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ama-milliwatts noma ama-millijoules, angalinganiswa kuphela lapho ukuzwela kwe-wavelength ye-radiometer kuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile.
7. Siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi uyinki we-UV uyaqina kahle?Ukuqina kwefilimu ye-inki uma idlula kuyunithi yokuqinisa okokuqala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqina okufanele kunganciphisa ukuguquguquka kwe-substrate, ukuqinisa kakhulu, ukumanzisa kabusha kanye nokuqinisa ngaphansi kokuqina, futhi kwenze ngcono ukunamathelana phakathi kwe-inki kanye nokuhleka noma phakathi kokumbozwa. Izitshalo zokuphrinta isikrini kumele zinqume amapharamitha okukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqizwa. Ukuze sihlole ukusebenza kahle kwe-inki ye-UV, singaqala ukuphrinta ngesivinini esiphansi esivunyelwe yi-substrate bese silungisa amasampula aphrintiwe ngaphambilini. Ngemuva kwalokho, setha amandla esibani sokuqinisa inani elichazwe umenzi we-inki. Lapho sibhekene nemibala engelula ukuyilungisa, njengomnyama nomhlophe, singakhulisa futhi ngokufanele amapharamitha esibani sokuqinisa. Ngemva kokuba iphepha eliphrintiwe selipholile, singasebenzisa indlela yethunzi eliqondiswe kabili ukuthola ukunamathela kwefilimu ye-inki. Uma isampula ingadlula ukuhlolwa kahle, isivinini sokudlulisa iphepha singandiswa ngamafidi ayi-10 ngomzuzu, bese ukuphrinta nokuhlola kungenziwa kuze kube yilapho ifilimu ye-inki ilahlekelwa ukunamathela ku-substrate, futhi ijubane lebhande lokudlulisa kanye namapharamitha esibani sokuqinisa ngalesi sikhathi aqoshwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, isivinini sebhande lokuhambisa singancishiswa ngo-20-30% ngokuya ngezici zesistimu yeyinki noma izincomo zomhlinzeki weyinki.
8. Uma imibala ingalingani, ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke ngokugqwala ngokweqile?Ukwelapha ngokweqile kwenzeka lapho ubuso befilimu ye-inki bumunca ukukhanya okuningi kwe-UV. Uma le nkinga ingatholakali futhi ingaxazululwa ngesikhathi, ubuso befilimu ye-inki buzoba nzima kakhulu. Vele, uma nje singakwenzi ukuphrinta imibala ngokweqile, akudingeki sikhathazeke kakhulu ngale nkinga. Kodwa-ke, sidinga ukucabangela esinye isici esibalulekile, okuyifilimu noma i-substrate ephrintwayo. Ukukhanya kwe-UV kungathinta izindawo eziningi ze-substrate kanye namanye amapulasitiki azwela ukukhanya kwe-UV kobude obuthile. Lokhu kuzwela kuma-wavelength athile ahlanganiswe nomoya-mpilo emoyeni kungabangela ukuwohloka kobuso bepulasitiki. Izibopho zama-molecular ebusweni be-substrate zingaphulwa futhi zibangele ukunamathelana phakathi kwe-inki ye-UV kanye ne-substrate ukuthi kungaphumeleli. Ukuwohloka komsebenzi wobuso be-substrate kuyinqubo ehamba kancane futhi kuhlobene ngqo namandla okukhanya kwe-UV atholayo.
9. Ingabe i-inki ye-UV iyinki eluhlaza? Kungani?Uma kuqhathaniswa noyinki osekelwe ku-solvent, uyinki we-UV empeleni unobungani kakhulu nemvelo. Uyinki ongelapheka nge-UV ungaqina ngokuphelele, okusho ukuthi zonke izingxenye zoyinki zizoba ifilimu yokugcina yeyinki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uyinki osuselwa ku-solvent uzokhipha izinyibilikisi emoyeni njengoba ifilimu yeyinki yoma. Njengoba izinyibilikisi ziyizakhi eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo, ziyingozi emvelweni.
10. Iyini iyunithi yokulinganisa yedatha yobuningi eboniswe ku-densitometer?Ubuningi bokukhanya abunawo amayunithi. I-densitometer ilinganisa inani lokukhanya okukhanyisiwe noma okudluliswa kusuka endaweni ephrintiwe. Iso le-photoelectric elixhunywe ku-densitometer lingaguqula iphesenti lokukhanya okukhanyisiwe noma okudlulisiwe libe yinani lobuningi.
11. Yiziphi izici ezithinta ubuningi?Ekuphrinteni kwesikrini, izinto ezishintshashintshayo ezithinta amanani obuningi ikakhulukazi ubukhulu befilimu ye-inki, umbala, usayizi kanye nenani lezinhlayiya ze-pigment, kanye nombala we-substrate. Ubuningi be-optical bunqunywa kakhulu yi-opacity kanye nobukhulu befilimu ye-inki, okuthintwa ubukhulu kanye nenani lezinhlayiya ze-pigment kanye nezakhiwo zazo zokumunca nokusabalalisa ukukhanya.
12. Kuyini izinga le-dyne?I-Dyne/cm iyiyunithi esetshenziselwa ukukala ukucindezeleka kobuso. Lokhu kuxineka kubangelwa ukukhangana kwama-molecule koketshezi oluthile (ukucindezeleka kobuso) noma okuqinile (amandla obuso). Ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo, sivame ukubiza leli pharamitha ngokuthi izinga le-dyne. Izinga le-dyne noma amandla obuso be-substrate ethile limelela ukumanzika kwayo kanye nokunamathela kwe-inki. Amandla obuso ayimpahla ebonakalayo yento ethile. Amafilimu amaningi kanye nama-substrate asetshenziswa ekuphrinteni anamazinga aphansi okuphrinta, njenge-polyethylene engu-31 dyne/cm kanye ne-polypropylene engu-29 dyne/cm, ngakho-ke adinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ukwelashwa okufanele kungandisa izinga le-dyne lama-substrate athile, kodwa okwesikhashana kuphela. Uma usukulungele ukuphrinta, kunezinye izici ezithinta izinga le-dyne le-substrate, njenge: isikhathi nenani lokwelashwa, izimo zokugcina, umswakama ozungezile kanye namazinga othuli. Njengoba amazinga e-dyne angashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iningi labaphrinta linomuzwa wokuthi kuyadingeka ukwelapha noma ukuphinda uphathe la mafilimu ngaphambi kokuphrinta.
13. Ukwelashwa kwelangabi kwenziwa kanjani?Amapulasitiki awanama-pore ngokwemvelo futhi anomphezulu ongasebenzi kahle (amandla aphansi omhlaba). Ukwelashwa ngamalangabi kuyindlela yokwelapha amapulasitiki kusengaphambili ukuze kwandiswe izinga le-dyne lobuso be-substrate. Ngaphezu kwensimu yokunyathelisa amabhodlela epulasitiki, le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezimoto neyokucubungula amafilimu. Ukwelashwa ngamalangabi akugcini nje ngokwandisa amandla obuso, kodwa futhi kuqeda ukungcola kobuso. Ukwelashwa ngamalangabi kuhilela uchungechunge lwezimpendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Indlela engokoqobo yokwelashwa ngamalangabi ukuthi ilangabi lokushisa eliphezulu lidlulisela amandla kumafutha nokungcola okusebusweni be-substrate, okubangela ukuba kuphele ngaphansi kokushisa futhi kudlale indima yokuhlanza; futhi indlela yamakhemikhali yalo ukuthi ilangabi liqukethe inani elikhulu lama-ion, anezakhiwo ezinamandla zokuxilisa. Ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu, lisabela nobuso bento ephathwayo ukuze lenze ungqimba lwamaqembu asebenzayo e-polar ashajekile ebusweni bento ephathwayo, okwandisa amandla ayo obuso futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ikhono lalo lokumunca uketshezi.
14. Kuyini ukwelashwa nge-corona?Ukukhishwa kwe-corona kungenye indlela yokwandisa izinga le-dyne. Ngokusebenzisa i-voltage ephezulu ku-media roller, umoya ozungezile ungafakwa i-ion. Lapho i-substrate idlula kule ndawo ene-ion, izibopho zama-molecule ebusweni bezinto zizophuka. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuphrinteni okujikelezayo kwezinto ezincane zefilimu.
15. I-plasticizer ikuthinta kanjani ukunamathela kweyinki ku-PVC?I-Plasticizer iyikhemikhali eyenza izinto eziphrintiwe zithambe futhi ziguquguquke. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-PVC (i-polyvinyl chloride). Uhlobo kanye nenani le-plasticizer elifakwe ku-PVC eguquguqukayo noma kwamanye amapulasitiki kuncike kakhulu ezidingweni zabantu zezakhiwo zemishini, ukushisa kanye nogesi zezinto eziphrintiwe. Ama-Plasticizer anamandla okuthuthela endaweni engaphansi komhlaba futhi athinte ukunamathela kweyinki. Ama-Plasticizer ahlala endaweni engaphansi komhlaba ayingcolisi enciphisa amandla ongaphezulu e-substrate. Uma ukungcola okuningi kungaphezulu, kulapho amandla ongaphezulu encipha khona futhi kuzoba nokunamathela okuncane okufanele ku-inki. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, umuntu angahlanza ama-substrate ngesithambisi sokuhlanza esincane ngaphambi kokuphrinta ukuze athuthukise ukuphrinta kwawo.
16. Zingaki izibani engizidingayo ukuze ngizikhanyise?Nakuba uhlelo lukayinki kanye nohlobo lwe-substrate kuhluka, ngokuvamile, uhlelo olulodwa lokulungisa izibani lwanele. Vele, uma unesabelomali esanele, ungakhetha futhi iyunithi yokulungisa izibani ezimbili ukuze wandise isivinini sokulungisa. Isizathu sokuthi kungani izibani ezimbili zokulungisa zingcono kuneyodwa ukuthi uhlelo lwezibani ezimbili lunganikeza amandla engeziwe ku-substrate ngesivinini esifanayo sokuhambisa kanye nezilungiselelo zamapharamitha. Enye yezinkinga ezibalulekile okudingeka sizicabangele ukuthi iyunithi yokulungisa ingayomisa yini i-inki ephrintiwe ngesivinini esijwayelekile.
17. Ukuthambekela kobunki kuthinta kanjani ukunyatheliswa?Iningi lama-inki liyi-thixotropic, okusho ukuthi i-viscosity yabo iyashintsha ngokucheba, isikhathi kanye nokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinga lokucheba liphezulu, i-viscosity ye-inki iyancipha; uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphakeme, i-viscosity yonyaka ye-inki iyancipha. Ama-inki okuphrinta isikrini ngokuvamile athola imiphumela emihle emshinini wokuphrinta, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kuzoba nezinkinga zokuphrinta kuye ngezilungiselelo zemishini yokuphrinta kanye nokulungiswa kwangaphambi kokucindezela. I-viscosity ye-inki emshinini wokuphrinta nayo ihlukile ku-viscosity yayo ku-cartridge ye-inki. Abakhiqizi be-inki babeka ububanzi obuthile be-viscosity yemikhiqizo yabo. Kuma-inki amancane kakhulu noma ane-viscosity ephansi kakhulu, abasebenzisi bangangeza nama-thickeners ngokufanele; kuma-inki amakhulu kakhulu noma ane-viscosity ephezulu kakhulu, abasebenzisi bangangeza nama-diluent. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungaxhumana nomhlinzeki we-inki ukuthola ulwazi lomkhiqizo.
18. Yiziphi izici ezithinta ukuzinza noma impilo yeshelufu yama-inki e-UV?Isici esibalulekile esithinta ukuzinza kwama-inki ukugcinwa kwe-inki. Ama-inki e-UV avame ukugcinwa kuma-cartridge e-inki epulasitiki kune-cartridges ye-inki yensimbi ngoba izitsha zepulasitiki zinezinga elithile lokungenela komoya-mpilo, okungaqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona igebe elithile lomoya phakathi kobuso be-inki kanye nesembozo sesitsha. Lesi sikhala somoya - ikakhulukazi umoya-mpilo osemoyeni - sisiza ukunciphisa ukuxhumanisa i-inki kusenesikhathi. Ngaphezu kokupakishwa, izinga lokushisa lesitsha se-inki nalo libalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kwazo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela ukusabela kusenesikhathi kanye nokuxhumanisa i-inki. Ukulungiswa kokwakheka kwe-inki yokuqala kungathinta nokuzinza kwe-inki eshelufini. Izithasiselo, ikakhulukazi ama-catalyst kanye nama-photoinitiators, zinganciphisa impilo yeshelufini ye-inki.
19. Uyini umehluko phakathi kokulebula okufakwe kwi-mold (IML) kanye nokuhlobisa okufakwe kwi-mold (IMD)?Ukulebula okungaphakathi kwesikhunta kanye nokuhlobisa okungaphakathi kwesikhunta kusho into efanayo, okungukuthi, ilebula noma ifilimu yokuhlobisa (eyenziwe ngaphambilini noma engakakhiwanga) ifakwa kusikhunta bese ipulasitiki encibilikisiwe iyisekela ngenkathi ingxenye isakhiwa. Amalebula asetshenziswa kowokuqala akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukene bokuphrinta, njengokudweba, i-offset, i-flexographic noma ukuphrinta kwesikrini. Lawa malebula avame ukuphrintwa kuphela phezulu kwezinto, kuyilapho uhlangothi olungaphrintwanga luxhunywe kusikhunta sokufaka. Ukuhlobisa okungaphakathi kwesikhunta kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziqinile futhi kuvame ukuphrintwa kobuso besibili befilimu esobala. Ukuhlobisa okungaphakathi kwesikhunta ngokuvamile kuphrintwa kusetshenziswa iphrinta yesikrini, futhi amafilimu kanye noyinki we-UV osetshenziswayo kumele kuhambisane nesikhunta sokufaka.
20. Kwenzekani uma kusetshenziswa iyunithi yokwelapha i-nitrogen ukwelapha uyinki we-UV onemibala?Izinhlelo zokupholisa ezisebenzisa i-nitrogen ukwelapha imikhiqizo ephrintiwe sezineminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi zitholakala. Lezi zinhlelo zisetshenziswa kakhulu enqubweni yokupholisa yezindwangu kanye nezinkinobho ze-membrane. I-nitrogen isetshenziswa esikhundleni se-oxygen ngoba i-oxygen ivimbela ukupholisa kwama-ink. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukukhanya okuvela kuma-bulb kulezi zinhlelo kuncane kakhulu, azisebenzi kahle ekwelapheni imibala noma ama-ink anombala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-24-2024
